{"id":10421,"date":"2018-12-19T22:43:14","date_gmt":"2018-12-20T03:43:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vnsalvation.org\/?p=10421"},"modified":"2018-12-19T22:43:14","modified_gmt":"2018-12-20T03:43:14","slug":"10421-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hahosa.com\/vnsalvation\/10421-2\/","title":{"rendered":"KINH TH\u00c1NH \u2013 QUY\u1ec2N S\u00c1CH B\u1ea0N C\u00d3 TH\u1ec2 TIN"},"content":{"rendered":"

KINH TH\u00c1NH \u2013 QUY\u1ec2N S\u00c1CH B\u1ea0N C\u00d3 TH\u1ec2 TIN<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n: THE BIBLE \u2013 YOU CAN BELIEVE IT<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: James C. Denison)<\/p>\n

Translated by Vinh Hien<\/p>\n

\nM\u1ee5c L\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t: Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai: Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch D\u00e0nh Cho T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 M\u1ecdi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba: Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch \u0110\u00e1ng Tin C\u1eady<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n: Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00e1c Nh\u1eadn B\u1edfi Ch\u1ee9ng C\u1edb N\u1ed9i T\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m: Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00e1c Nh\u1eadn Qua Nh\u1eefng B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee9ng B\u00ean Ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1u: Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch M\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Mu\u1ed1n Ch\u00fang Ta C\u00f3<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3y: Kinh Th\u00e1nh Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u Nh\u1eefng C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c K\u1ef3 Di\u1ec7u C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1m: Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch H\u1ea5p D\u1eabn<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng chin: Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Linh C\u1ea3m<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi: Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t: Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch Th\u00edch H\u1ee3p Cho M\u1ecdi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u Chung V\u1ec1 S\u00e1ch V\u00e0 T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong lo\u1ea1t s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist do BAPTISTWAY PRESS\u00ae xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin Baptist \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 giao thoa v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin Baptist. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 sau, h\u00e3y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng suy ngh\u0129 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. H\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u2013 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u00f2n c\u00f3 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o Vi\u00ean (The Bible\u2014You Can Believe It: Teaching Guide) cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y truy c\u1eadp trang web www.baptistwaypress.org \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c do BAPTISTWAY PRESS\u00ae xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3<\/p>\n

James C. Denison, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u2013 B\u1ea1n C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 Tin, l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist Park Cities, Dallas, Texas. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist Second-Ponce de Leon, Atlanta, Georgia, v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean, Midland, Texas. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 James C. Denison c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Baptist T\u00e2y Nam. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Baptist Houston v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Nam (M.Div, Ph.D).<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u<\/p>\n

C\u01a1n S\u00f3ng Th\u1ea7n Tr\u00ean Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa k\u1ef3. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c C\u1ef1c B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam th\u00ec m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i c\u0169ng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Baptist khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9 lan t\u1ecfa, c\u00e1i th\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ward Cleaver (m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh) sau khi \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0103n t\u1ed1i\u2014Ward trong b\u1ed9 vest c\u00f2n June m\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111eo ng\u1ecdc trai, trong khi Wally v\u00e0 Beaver th\u00ec ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p. \u00cdt ai bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh Cleaver l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed5i thay.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm tr\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00eam, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch quan b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ph\u00eda. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, rung ch\u1ea5n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y h\u1ed3i k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ba th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ng\u1ed3i chung tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u0103ng gh\u1ebf nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb Chi\u1ebfn Tranh Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ee9 II nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf l\u1ebd th\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch quan, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u00edt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cl\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u201d Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201ct\u00e2m linh\u201d. L\u00e0m sao th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. C\u01a1n s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2004 \u0111\u00e3 \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n \u0111ang rung chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra? Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf? Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f9ng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist Tin V\u00e0o Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist New Hope \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Texas n\u0103m 1885. N\u00f3 t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Fort Worth nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n Mansfield h\u01a1n. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc b\u0103ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Dick Price, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Cao \u1ed1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1971, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i xung quanh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh New Hope. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u01b0 t\u00ean l\u1eeda. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Fort Worth, Arlington v\u00e0 Mansfield ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o thanh b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 \u0111ang d\u1eady s\u00f3ng. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 v\u1edbi l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh New Hope. Hai con c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sinh ra khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong t\u01b0 th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ee5c s\u01b0, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng s\u00e1t b\u00ean b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed7 xe c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0o b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean thi\u1ebfu ch\u00fat n\u1eefa t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt sau khi gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i \u201cV\u00ec M\u1ed9t S\u1ef1 K\u00eau G\u1ecdi\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee7y ban t\u00f2a gi\u1ea3ng g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i. Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James. H\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady (b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James). T\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u1eddi m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf. Trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ee3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mua cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James b\u00eca da m\u00e0u \u0111en, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh New Hope, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i \u0111i; c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i; nh\u01b0ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd \u0111i l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5. Trong m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Baptist, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u0103m ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Baptist, t\u1eeb California \u0111\u1ebfn Georgia r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Malaysia, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec3m chung m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist tin Kinh Th\u00e1nh? Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tin \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh? Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist v\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1963, Ni\u1ec1m Tin V\u00e0 S\u1ee9 \u0110i\u1ec7p Baptist b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1u v\u1eadt tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 t\u1eeb thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat sai s\u00f3t. Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ecdi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao m\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ.1<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1edbm kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, Ni\u1ec1m Tin V\u00e0 S\u1ee9 \u0110i\u1ec7p Baptist (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 NT&S\u0110B)2 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist, ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist tin xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eebng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb trong b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cvi\u1ebft ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, tin ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. NT&S\u0110B kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eebng ch\u1eef m\u1ed9t cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh vi\u1ebft ra. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho h\u1ecd \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea3n ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1u v\u1eadt tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 t\u1eeb thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf n\u00e0y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n\u201d; t\u1eeb \u201ctr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh (xin xem Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:48).3 S\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng,\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u201cCu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.\u201d Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft khi t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m: \u201cC\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i tin, th\u00ec nh\u1edd danh Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 20:31). Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u nh\u1edd tin v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u00e0y t\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m.<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat sai s\u00f3t.\u201d C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ckh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat sai s\u00f3t\u201d xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin New Hampshire n\u0103m 1833 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong NT&S\u0110B n\u0103m 1925. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea7m (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y), nh\u01b0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o,\u201d k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 trong s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao m\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i.\u201d Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u00e0nh B\u00ea-r\u00ea: \u201cng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tra xem Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ch\u0103ng\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 17:11).<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u201cNguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ.\u201d C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1eddi th\u00e0nh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng L\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u201cBan \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 L\u1eddi, L\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 L\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ea7y \u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt; ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eafm xem s\u1ef1 vinh hi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 vinh hi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Con m\u1ed9t Theo ti\u1ebfng b\u1ed5n th\u00ec ch\u1eef \u201cCon m\u1ed9t\u201dc\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0 Con sanh ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i<\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Cha.\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 1:1, 14). L\u1eddi hay \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u201cChi\u00ean Con \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf\u201d (Kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n 13:8). K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111em Con Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Gi\u0103ng 3:16). C\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Cha Thi\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4-gic. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi TR\u1edcI.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i cho ta bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c? D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i?<\/p>\n

V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist tin r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 pha l\u1eabn sai s\u00f3t, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. V\u1eady c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec1m tin Baptist r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ec1m Tin R\u00f5 R\u00e0ng C\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Baptist Walter Shurden \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u201cb\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do m\u1ecfng manh\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t: t\u1ef1 do t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Kinh Th\u00e1nh, t\u1ef1 do cho linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 do H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1edfi v\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Ch\u00fang ta b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 do di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh, khi ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Linh Ng\u00e0i. 4<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c Ch\u00faa; t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. Khi ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n sau:<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u, n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Kinh Th\u00e1nh th\u00f4ng qua H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai). Xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft: \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u, ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t Kinh Th\u00e1nh.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c tham gia v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 g\u00ec. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn b\u0103n kho\u0103n tho\u00e1ng tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 B\u00e0i T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 hay Tuy\u00ean B\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft n\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u NT&S\u0110B n\u0103m 1963 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 NT&S\u0110B vi\u1ebft ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

(1) Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Baptist, l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, cho s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chung cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m th\u00eam b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, \u0103n n\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa.
\n(2) R\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai s\u00f3t. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.
\n(3) R\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00f3m Baptist n\u00e0o, l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp cho ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1eady.
\n(4) Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n v\u00e0 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m.
\n(5) R\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft ni\u1ec1m tin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u1ef1 do suy ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.5
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 S\u1ee9 \u0110i\u1ec7p Baptist kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau ra th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u201cth\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh.\u201d Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ai, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 khoa c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Baptist T\u00e2y Nam v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987, t\u00f4i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd khi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd b\u1ea3n NT&STB 1963, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u201ctheo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean: \u201ch\u00e3y k\u00fd t\u1edd cam k\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3 theo nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1911, s\u1eed gia W. J. McGlothlin \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin:<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist v\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u00ean H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra, tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist, l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, tin v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tin trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist. Theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u Baptist n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.6<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Ni\u1ec1m Tin V\u00e0 S\u1ee9 \u0110i\u1ec7p Baptist \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: \u201cM\u1ed9t L\u1eddi Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Baptist.\u201d7 \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tin. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cH\u1ebft c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 giao cho ta\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 28:18). N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

B. Johnson l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Baptist Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1846 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Baptist. Trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft ra n\u0103m x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tin v\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1) S\u1ef1 t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i;<\/p>\n

2) Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh;<\/p>\n

3) Quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh;<\/p>\n

4) L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7; v\u00e0<\/p>\n

5) Ph\u00e9p b\u00e1p-t\u00eam cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin.8<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Baptist V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 Ai-len c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u201cs\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00edn nh\u00e2n: quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh.\u201d9<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. L\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u, ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u l\u1ebd th\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, ch\u00fang ta \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai). Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ho\u1eb7c cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng quy ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 sai khi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i. Khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Baptist ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n khi bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 hay l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c linh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u00fd hay Kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin<\/p>\n

Hugh Wamble l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Baptist Midwestern. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1963, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh).10 M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m ghi ch\u00fa tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1610 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n NT&S\u0110B n\u0103m 1963. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Wamble t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Baptist li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ba m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist xem th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng xem Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, hay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta xem l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y trong NT&S\u0110B 1963, \u201ccu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng hay m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.\u201d11<\/p>\n

Wamble kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cV\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist ban h\u00e0nh, tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng Baptist ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u201d12<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh,\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa b\u00ean trong t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.13<\/p>\n

Wamble n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng Baptist \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.14<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, Wamble ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c Ti\u00ean tri, S\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o\u2026.Kinh Th\u00e1nh gi\u00fap trang b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh; Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o.\u201d15<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u201d bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0: h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa, c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u00f9ng nhau trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.16<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta tin Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn Kinh Th\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda xe, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. L\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Wamble t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta: th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u1edf T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist xem th\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. V\u1eady n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Wamble ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng Baptist \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (1610) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft: \u201ctrong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc.\u201d B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111o\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u0103n m\u1ea1ch, m\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1.17<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 sau. Ch\u00fang ta tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang ta. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdc H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdc Vi ph\u00e2n T\u00edch ph\u00e2n, c\u0169ng v\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 qua lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, sau l\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Ts. Wamble tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 ba: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist xem th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin Baptist, Wamble t\u00f3m r\u1eaft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.\u201d18<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist xem \u201cc\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 cho l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf. Theo d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u00ean x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta gi\u1eef x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u00ean B\u1ed1 C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Baptist.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Baptist l\u1eebng danh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi E. Y. Mullins, hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Baptist Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1899 \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928. \u00d4ng d\u1ea1y th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u0169ng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Baptist Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1921 \u0111\u1ebfn 1924; v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee7y ban d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n Ni\u1ec1m Tin v\u00e0 S\u1ee9 \u0110i\u1ec7p Baptist n\u0103m 1925.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3: Di\u1ec5n Gi\u1ea3i Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o (The Christitan Religion In Its Doctrinal Expression). Ts. Mullins \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a. B\u1edfi t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy ph\u1ea1m, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 quan l\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy l\u00fd\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chung cu\u1ed9c cho ch\u00fang ta trong m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.19<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ts. Mullins tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Baptist T\u00e2y Nam t\u1ea1i Ft. Worth, Texas. S\u00e1ch Christian Doctrine (Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c) c\u1ee7a Ts. W. T. Conner nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 quy chu\u1ea9n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ts. Conner, v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Nam n\u0103m 1948, n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t trong m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ts. Conner n\u00eau r\u00f5 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u1ecd, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n c\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u2026 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh.20<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Baptist n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Millard J. Erickson. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: Christian Theology (Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o) l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Kinh Th\u00e1nh cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i dung ni\u1ec1m tin, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d21 Erickson xem th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 quy ph\u1ea1m cho m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Stanley Grenz, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Baptist \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n Theology for the Community of God (Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Cho C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi), m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng xem Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, cho n\u00ean th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh mang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 quy ph\u1ea1m trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0y t\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3.22<\/p>\n

Russell Dilday, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Nam, n\u0103m 1982 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu Baptist:<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Baptist Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd khi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu Baptist Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u1edf ra l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.23<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist Park Cities t\u1ea1i Dallas, n\u01a1i t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c s\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u1edf ra. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m ngang qua. M\u1ed7i Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u201ctr\u00ean l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu Baptist, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Phao-l\u00f4 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi soi d\u1eabn\u201d (II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 3:16). Ch\u00fang ta quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1eafng nghe \u1edf th\u1eddi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp n\u00ean, th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ho\u1eb7c \u201cgi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m\u201d \u2013 khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3 n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 v\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u2013 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1t l\u00fan (Ma-thi-\u01a1 7:24-27).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng trai \u0111ang c\u00e2u c\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh minh c\u00f2n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo, th\u00ec chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u00fap. Trong v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng, anh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 nh\u00f4 ra \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; anh b\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Anh b\u00e1m v\u00e0o t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1ea5y trong c\u00e1i r\u00e9t v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111i ngang qua \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00e0ng trai. \u201cAnh kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u00e0?\u201d ng\u01b0 \u00f4ng h\u1ecfi ch\u00e0ng trai. \u201cC\u00f3 th\u01b0a \u00f4ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 run s\u1ee3,\u201d ch\u00e0ng trai th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, \u201cnh\u01b0ng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.\u201d T\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd lung lay.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch D\u00e0nh Cho T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 M\u1ecdi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay cu\u1ed9c N\u1ed9i Chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 620.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i t\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 tham chi\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Atlanta, Georgia, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Trung T\u00e2m L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Atlanta, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Chi\u1ebfn Tranh Gi\u1eefa C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u Bang. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch, v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khu tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y y khoa l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao. C\u01b0a tay r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft c\u1ee5t; k\u1ec1m l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay d\u00f9ng cho nha khoa; ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y m\u00ea, g\u00e2y t\u00ea r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 b\u1ecb t\u1eed n\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng binh s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o y khoa ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00f4ng ai trong ch\u00fang ta d\u00e1m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd th\u1eed nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p y t\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1eed. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft c\u1ee5t tay ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng y khoa t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean khoa. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay \u2013 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Baptist \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u1eabm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u2013 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Qua h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m trong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y, t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1ea9n danh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, l\u00fd do h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ebd th\u1eadt trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y \u00edch l\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u1edbi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Baptist v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c b\u00f9m n\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c linh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn. C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 17:6 ghi l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u201cg\u00e2y thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 n\u00ean lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c.\u201d Trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ph\u00fac \u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4-ma v\u00e0 kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o nh\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. S\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u00e2n l\u00ean khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u00e0n t\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y. Khi ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan t\u1ecfa ra ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestin, \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp n\u1ea1p nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a xa x\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u phong t\u1ee5c ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn h\u1eefu theo Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i th\u1edd c\u00fang th\u1ea7n Zeus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n Zeus. C\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i nghi th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u201cth\u1edd c\u00fang\u201d \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea t\u1edfm. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam k\u1ebft giao v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ea7n\u201d do nh\u1eefng k\u1ef5 n\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1c lo\u1ea1n quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi l\u1eabn kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c say s\u01b0a l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00fang t\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0103n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tin Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tranh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u201cc\u00e1c t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed.\u201d D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y (n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady), nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u1eefng nghi th\u1ee9c huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e1p-t\u00eam trong m\u00e1u\u201d m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau \u0111i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u201cb\u00e1p-t\u00eam\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

V\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn h\u1eefu l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c nhau. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Plato l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201c\u00fd th\u1ee9c\u201d ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta quan t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cc\u00e1i b\u00f3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00e2m linh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Peripatetic do Aristotle th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc, logic, sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u201c\u00fd th\u1ee9c\u201d trong v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tri\u1ebft Epicure d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i Stoic tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (xem C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 17:18). C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft khuy\u1ec3n nho tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (\u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tin v\u00e0o).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo: th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u00ea-sa. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tranh \u0111ua gi\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang t\u1ebf h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m cho S\u00ea-sa.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi Phao-l\u00f4 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i A-th\u00ean \u201c\u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 17:16), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n ai c\u1ea3\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 17:22 TTHD 2011). \u00d4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 sai ph\u00e1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ed1i ren v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lan t\u1ecfa r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i trong v\u00f2ng ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn h\u1eefu l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi th\u1edd l\u1ea1y h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea t\u1edfm m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2n t\u00edn h\u1eefu n\u00e0y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t m\u00e9o m\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean s\u1edbm tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u1ec9 trao quy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 y cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng y. Khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u1edbn l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ignatius (qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 110 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean), gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c x\u1ee9 An-ti-\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tranh lu\u1eadn cho th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c (ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u201cm\u1ee5c s\u01b0\u201d theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Baptist) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Smyrna, \u00f4ng khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u00e3y giao t\u00edn h\u1eefu cho ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1, ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 cho tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o cho gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha\u201d (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9). Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a Kinh Th\u00e1nh th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c? Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Irenaeus (qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 200 ho\u1eb7c 203 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ignatius ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc xa h\u01a1n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u201cth\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i\u201d gi\u1eefa v\u00f2ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Phi-e-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 Phao-l\u00f4 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thi h\u00e0nh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c linh c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean. Trong cu\u1ed1n Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o (Against Heresies) (3:3:2), Irenaeus th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cM\u1ecdi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec \u0111i theo s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u201cm\u1ee5c s\u01b0\u201d t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Cyprian x\u1ee9 Carthage (qua \u0111\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 258 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Phi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y ra kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201cgi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m\u201d (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi) v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cth\u1ebf t\u1ee5c\u201d (t\u1eeb ch\u1eef laos trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi). C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh; c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i. V\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Cyprian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: \u201cM\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 M\u1eb9.\u201d1<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf La-m\u00e3 Constantine \u201cc\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d sang C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o n\u0103m 312 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean (c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia v\u1eabn tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a phong tr\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thu\u1ed9c linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 trung gian th\u00f4ng qua l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho ch\u00fang ta Kinh Th\u00e1nh th\u00f4ng qua H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. C\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

KINH TH\u00c1NH V\u00c0 GI\u00c1O QUY\u1ec0N<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cth\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00ean \u00e1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn th\u1ebf. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Augustine x\u1ee9 Hippo (n\u0103m 354-430 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean), \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1ee9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t, vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kinh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 qui lu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n

Tin c\u1eady \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i.
\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a \u0111en v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh.
\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ef1a theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.
\nH\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.
\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n.
\nC\u0169ng v\u1eady, Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ngh\u0129a \u0111en, \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNi\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf b\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c.\u201d2 Thomas kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n.3<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c s\u0129 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c y khoa cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c trong l\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cth\u1ebf t\u1ee5c\u201d kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc Cao h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Latin. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n. Phao-l\u00f4 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ,\u201d gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i anh em b\u1eb1ng s\u1eefa ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee9ng, v\u00ec anh em ch\u01b0a th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngay \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd anh em v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec anh em v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt\u201d (I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 3:1-2). S\u1eefa l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ph\u00e2n nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i t\u1eebng nghe m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Baptist h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t n\u1eafm to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.\u201d T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nghe m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Baptist n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ea1y Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam cho th\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n!<\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai? T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 duy Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta?<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea1ch chu\u1ea9n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Khi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Kinh Th\u00e1nh, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra ba c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Kinh v\u0103n<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, d\u00f9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc trong ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: t\u00ecm \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si? D\u00f9 g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm Ng\u00e0i \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0o t\u1eebng trang c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Alexandria, Ai C\u1eadp, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a Plato (427-347 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, chia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh \u201ct\u00e2m linh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cv\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.\u201d H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111i\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c linh trong khi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201cth\u1ea5p h\u01a1n\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i t\u1ea1i Alexandria b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u201cthu\u1ed9c linh\u201d trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Philo (kho\u1ea3ng 20 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean \u2013 50 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y xem m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Clement c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh La-m\u00e3 (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 30-100 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y th\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Ra-h\u00e1p (Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea 2:21) \u201cb\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.\u201d4 Th\u00e1nh Justin T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 100-167 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) gi\u1eef v\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc chu\u00f4ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m (Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4-k\u00fd 28:33-35) l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho m\u01b0\u1eddi hai s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cvang ra\u201d ph\u00fac \u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf L\u1ec5 L\u1edbn.5 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Clement c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh Alexandria (150-213 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau trong Thi Thi\u00ean 150 t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.6 Khi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem \u0111\u1ea7y vinh quang, Origen (185-251 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng con l\u1eeba con c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1.7<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng may \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o. Khi c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1i bang Pennsylvania, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf New York ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ch\u00faa t\u00e1i l\u00e2m (xem II Phi-e-r\u01a1 3:10-12). C\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea1t th\u00f3c t\u1ea1i Scotland b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cgi\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed5i \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec th\u1ed5i\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 3:8). Martin Luther mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u01b0\u1edbi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Phillip x\u1ee9 Hesse. \u00d4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0110a-v\u00edt v\u00e0 Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ee3, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh.8<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u01a1i t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi t\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. L\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0?<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u00fac \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u m\u1ecdi k\u1ebb tin.\u201d (R\u00f4-ma 1:16). Ph\u00fac \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 tin. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gian. Trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin Ch\u00faa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n trong c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ai c\u1ea7n nghe nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u00edt nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y xe h\u01a1i, n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc xe. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i banh b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u201cmu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:13-16). Mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 \u1edf trong l\u1ecd. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb \u00fap trong th\u00f9ng. Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Con chi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra con chi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7, C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean nh\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu h\u00f4m nay b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n chinh ph\u1ee5c t\u00f4i cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y mai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa. Theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n, r\u1ed3i ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai, s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf t\u0103ng l\u00ean. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ?<\/p>\n

Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y! Khi t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 6.378.974.736 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed7i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 34 ng\u00e0y con s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 8.589.934.592. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng? Trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n n\u0103m, c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n c\u1ea5p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su mu\u1ed1n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1n ra v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafng nghe khi Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Augustine so s\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u201cb\u1ee9c th\u01b0 t\u00ecnh t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\u201d M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ecfi s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cha m\u1eb9 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 m\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh cho d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. C\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n lan r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh: \u201cC\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi soi d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 \u00edch cho s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, b\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch, s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb, d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh\u201d (II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 3:16). V\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec? \u201cH\u1ea7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 s\u1eafm s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh\u201d (II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 3:17). \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi,\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ctr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 s\u1eafm s\u1eb5n,\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong. \u201cM\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh\u201d n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ct\u00edn h\u1eefu\u201d. T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y khoa c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea9m nang s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Khi ch\u00e2n b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m m\u00e1u, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 huy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean khoa huy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

S\u1ebd ra sao n\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc sai l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do \u00edt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 do nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Martin Luther. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ee5 \u00fd n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1eef ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft, d\u0169ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui.<\/p>\n

Nicholas x\u1ee9 Lyra (1270 \u2013 1349 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta tin nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tin. Nicholas d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201ct\u00e2m linh h\u00f3a,\u201d nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Erfurt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 tr\u1ebb t\u00ean l\u00e0 Martin Luther (1483-1546) sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

William x\u1ee9 Ockham (kho\u1ea3ng 1285-1349) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb Luther, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ockham.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t Luther \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: \u201cDuy Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.\u201d9 \u00d4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.10 Cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Luther l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn sola scriptura (duy nh\u1ea5t Kinh Th\u00e1nh) l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Luther \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.
\nKinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.
\nNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c linh h\u00f3a.
\nKinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u.
\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.
\nLu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e9t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i; \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.
\nM\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Luther r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

John Calvin (1509-64) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u00f9ng Luther: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 duy qua Kinh Th\u00e1nh,\u201d11 b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.\u201d12 \u00d4ng tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1ee1 h\u1eefu \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 hy sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Khi x\u01b0a nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u00e1ng C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta mang trong m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau khi cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh x\u1ea3y ra, hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n t\u1edbi trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent (1545-1563). C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ecdi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n tin Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf Kinh Th\u00e1nh khi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian cho L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tin v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh?<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch \u0110\u00e1ng Tin C\u1eady<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cm\u00e2u thu\u1eabn\u201d trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed5 danh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho m\u1ed9t robot th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Todder (Em B\u00e9 T\u1eadp \u0110i). G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m robot m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Ti\u1ebfn B\u1ed9 Khoa H\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i. V\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, robot n\u00e0y b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 robot tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Robot Em B\u00e9 T\u1eadp \u0110i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng robot v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 robot m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng em b\u00e9 t\u1eadp \u0111i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay t\u1ea3 v\u00e0o l\u00fac hai gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh trong m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong kh\u00f4ng gian, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ecdng c\u1ecf mang trong m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m. \u1ed0ng nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u00e1t c\u1eaft m\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng suy lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ph\u1ea3i logic h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng khi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn\u201d ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay nh\u1eb1m thanh minh cho ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tin g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong \u201cnh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3? T\u1ea1i sao v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/p>\n

M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0o trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 hai. D\u00f9 m\u1ed9t trong hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. T\u1ea1i sao?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho Aristotle (384-322 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean). V\u1edbi khao kh\u00e1t g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt logic \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: A kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng B v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng B.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Aristotle \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0o trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Aristotle.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Aristotle l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Aristotle. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111au, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 r\u00e1ch d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb theo c\u1ea3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng xem ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Aristotle g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt. Aristotle mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n n\u00ean \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt logic \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Khi ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi v\u1eadt l\u00fd, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ebfm khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh logic v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. B\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac l\u1ea1i \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u1eadt m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 huynh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ba nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t; Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ra; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. B\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi n\u1eefa v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed b\u00ean trong tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi to\u00e0n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c linh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (I Gi\u0103ng 4:8). Song Kinh Th\u00e1nh ghi r\u00f5: \u201cC\u01a1n gi\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra ngh\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng tin k\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1eaft hi\u1ebfp l\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u201d (R\u00f4-ma 1:18). C\u0169ng v\u1eady, Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00f2n ai c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c l\u1ebd th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, th\u00ec b\u00e1o cho h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u01a1n th\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9\u201d (R\u00f4-ma 2:8). L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u0103m gh\u00e9t? Xin \u0111\u1eebng h\u1ecfi Aristotle. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 cha m\u1eb9 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng song song kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1eaft nhau. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u1ebd ch\u00fang m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111en kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai m\u00e0u duy nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed9p b\u00fat m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u sai ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111ang b\u00e0n t\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

M\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec1n m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y: \u201cM\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec1n m\u1eaft, r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1n r\u0103ng.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e1 b\u00ean kia cho h\u1ecd v\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang? C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lex talionis (ti\u1ebfngLa-tinh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201clu\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9\u201d), m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Hammurabi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc: \u201cC\u00f2n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i chi, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y m\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng, l\u1ea5y m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eaft, l\u1ea5y r\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u0103ng, l\u1ea5y tay th\u01b0\u1eddng tay, l\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n, l\u1ea5y ph\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ecfng, l\u1ea5y b\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea7m, l\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4-k\u00fd 21:23-25).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 s\u1eadp nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho con b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9. Ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch m\u1edbi b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a anh ta. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, anh ta ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 anh ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00f9; nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00f9.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su trong B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai: \u201cSong ta b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 k\u1ebb d\u1eef. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ai v\u1ea3 m\u00e1 b\u00ean h\u1eefu ng\u01b0\u01a1i, h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e1 b\u00ean kia cho h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n; n\u1ebfu ai mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7ng l\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00e1o v\u1eafn, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n c\u00e1i \u00e1o d\u00e0i n\u1eefa; n\u1ebfu ai mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111i m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y \u0111i hai d\u1eb7m v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Ai xin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y cho, ai mu\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng tr\u1edb.\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:39-42).<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su nh\u1eb1m n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u00f9. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: \u0111\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i chu k\u1ef3 b\u00e1o th\u00f9. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m ph\u00e0o X b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m ph\u00e0o Y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0a ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: \u201cN\u1ebfu ai v\u1ea3 m\u00e1 b\u00ean h\u1eefu ng\u01b0\u01a1i, h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e1 b\u00ean kia cho h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:39). \u201cV\u1ea3\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1t v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t. T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u00e1t v\u00e0o m\u00e1 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tay, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u0103ng m\u1ea1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1eebng v\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c con, \u0111\u1eebng s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: \u201cN\u1ebfu ai mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7ng l\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00e1o v\u1eafn, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n c\u00e1i \u00e1o d\u00e0i n\u1eefa\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:40). \u201c\u00c1o v\u1eafn\u201d l\u00e0 \u00e1o l\u00f3t c\u00f3 tay; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong t\u00f2a \u00e1n. \u201c\u00c1o d\u00e0i\u201d th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a lu\u00f4n \u00e1o d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: \u201cn\u1ebfu ai mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111i m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y \u0111i hai d\u1eb7m v\u1edbi h\u1ecd\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:41). \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a binh l\u00ednh La M\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e1c binh kh\u00ed cho anh ta trong m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m. H\u00e3y v\u00e1c \u0111i hai d\u1eb7m. H\u00e3y hy sinh th\u1eddi gian, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y l\u00e0m \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: \u201cAi xin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y cho, ai mu\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng tr\u1edb\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:42). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Augustine \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c xin ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady h\u00e3y t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9. H\u00e3y ng\u01b0ng v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00f9. \u0110\u1eebng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m ph\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u. H\u00e3y t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng quy lu\u1eadt m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec1n m\u1eaft, r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1n r\u0103ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh nh\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00f9 l\u00f2a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eafn nhau n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 trong s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 k\u00fd. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eadn th\u00f9. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u00e1c \u201cs\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn.\u201d<\/p>\n

A-bi-tha v\u00e0 A-hi-m\u00ea-l\u00e9c<\/p>\n

Trong s\u00e1ch M\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i khi h\u1ecd b\u1ee9t b\u00f4ng l\u00faa m\u00ec trong ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t: \u201cC\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vua \u0110a-v\u00edt l\u00e0m trong khi vua c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo b\u1ecb t\u00fang \u0111\u00f3i hay sao? Th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi A-bi-tha l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m, vua \u1ea5y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0103n b\u00e1nh b\u00e0y ra, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo \u0103n n\u1eefa, d\u1ea7u b\u00e1nh \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0103n th\u00f4i\u201d (M\u00e1c 2:25-26). Nh\u01b0ng trong I Sa-mu-\u00ean 21:1 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra khi A-hi-m\u00ea-l\u00e9c, cha c\u1ee7a A-bi-tha, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5. V\u00ec b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110a-v\u00edt m\u00e0 A-hi-m\u00ea-l\u00e9c v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh Sau-l\u01a1 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. Con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 A-bi-tha tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 (I Sa-mu-\u00ean 22:20-23).<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ctrong \u0111\u1eddi A-bi-tha\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p theo nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201ct\u1ea1i n\u01a1i A-bi-tha l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m.\u201d M\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ea1i n\u01a1i\u201d (upon ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 t\u1eeb epi) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: \u201ct\u1ea1i n\u01a1i A-bi-tha l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m,\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian\u201d \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.1<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. II Sa-mu-\u00ean 8:16-18 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a vua \u0110a-v\u00edt bao g\u1ed3m \u201cA-hi-m\u00ea-l\u00e9c con trai A-bi-tha\u201d l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 (8:17). I Sa-mu-\u00ean 22:20 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng A-hi-m\u00ea-l\u00e9c l\u00e0 cha c\u1ee7a A-bi-tha. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng A-bi-tha c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean cha m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 A-hi-m\u00ea-l\u00e9c. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh Xa-cha-ri mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng theo t\u00ean cha \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 th\u00ec kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u0103ng\u201d (Lu-ca 1:59-63). T\u00ean l\u00f3t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00f4i; m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng mang t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00f4i n\u1eefa. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0 khi n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

Qui-ri-ni-u, Quan t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c x\u1ee9 Sy-ri<\/p>\n

Lu-ca 2:2 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p v\u00e0 Ma-ri ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ebft-l\u00ea-hem \u201cl\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi Qui-ri-ni-u l\u00e0m quan t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c x\u1ee9 Sy-ri.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 La M\u00e3 l\u1ea1i bi\u00ean th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Quy-ri-ni-u l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 6-9 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3. S\u1eed gia Tacitus (trong s\u00e1ch Annals, quy\u1ec3n 3) cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, Qui-ri-ni-u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o binh vi\u1ec5n chinh t\u1ea1i Cilicia, l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Sy-ri. Lu-ca s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u201cquan t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c\u201d (t\u1eeb Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 hegemoneuo) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a chung chung \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c cai tr\u1ecb. V\u1eady Lu-ca c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ea3n k\u00fd thu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Qui-ri-ni-u gi\u1eef hai nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 6-4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 6-9 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. M\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 5:37 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Qui-ri-ni-u).<\/p>\n

Lu-ca kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong th\u1eddi gian \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eadn m\u1eaft (Lu-ca 1:1-4) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng quan t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201cquan t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c\u201d m\u00e0 Lu-ca s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u00fd thu\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ed5 ra sao.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e1n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng minh trong Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II cho s\u1ef1 \u201cl\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d c\u1ee7a Dwight Eisenhower, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Franklin Roosevelt v\u00e0 Harry Truman m\u1edbi l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n Eisenhower th\u00ec sau n\u00e0y m\u1edbi v\u00e0o Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng T\u01b0\u1edbng Eisenhower l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 1945, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1c, \u00ca-sai, v\u00e0 Ma-la-chi<\/p>\n

M\u00e1c 1:2-3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su b\u1eb1ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn sau:<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p trong s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri \u00ca-sai r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ea7y, ta sai s\u1ee9 ta \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u01a1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d \u2013 \u201cC\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau trong \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng: \u2018H\u00e3y d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00faa, Ban b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo Ng\u00e0i.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch \u00ca-sai nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch Ma-la-chi 3:1. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i M\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u00ca-sai 40:3, v\u1eady n\u00ean l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch \u00ca-sai. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u1eddi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u00ca-sai l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ti\u00ean Tri V\u1ec1 Sau (Latter Prophets), v\u1eady n\u00ean m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u00ca-sai cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ma-la-chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u201ctrong s\u00e1ch \u00ca-sai.\u201d<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c quy g\u00e1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, s\u00e1ch Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00e2m ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n, con trai \u0110a-v\u00edt, Vua Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean.\u201d Song Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 30 l\u1ea1i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eddi c\u1ee7a A-gu-r\u01a1, con trai Gia-k\u00ea\u201d (Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n 30:1), trong khi Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n 31 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u201cvua L\u00ea-mu-\u00ean\u201d (Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n 31:1). To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho vua Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri trong C\u00e1c Ti\u00ean Tri V\u1ec1 Sau \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng \u201ctrong\u201d ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean \u00ca-sai, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/p>\n

M\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111em b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eadt k\u00edn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u1eafng nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. V\u1eady h\u1ecd \u201cd\u1edf m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ngay ch\u1ed7 Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i, r\u1ed3i do l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2ng gi\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1i xu\u1ed1ng.\u201d (M\u00e1c 2:4). M\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Palestin, c\u00f3 m\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i thang. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean x\u00e0 g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Lu-ca c\u0169ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201ch\u1ecd b\u00e8n tr\u00e8o l\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, d\u1ee1 ng\u00f3i ra, d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ng\u00e0i\u201d (Lu-ca 5:19). B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ng\u00f3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Lu-ca \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu th\u1eadt v\u1eady, li\u1ec7u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m? Li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u201cd\u1edf\u201d m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, hay l\u00e0 d\u1edf ng\u00f3i?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pha-ri-si v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y lu\u1eadt \u201ct\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u1ee9 Ga-li-l\u00ea, x\u1ee9 Giu-\u0111\u00ea, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn.\u201d (Lu-ca 5:17). C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3p m\u00e1i ng\u00f3i, thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1i tranh r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m ng\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y b\u1eafc ngang qua c\u00e1c x\u00e0 g\u1ed7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. M\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 d\u1edf m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. Lu-ca cho ch\u00fang ta th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ng\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd d\u1edf m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng hai b\u1ea3n k\u00fd thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5c sinh<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ph\u1ee5c sinh, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 tr\u1ed1ng \u201cx\u1ea3y c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam m\u1eb7t \u00e1o s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1edbp, hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd\u201d (Lu-ca 24:4). L\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd: Ma-ry \u201cth\u1ea5y hai v\u1ecb thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o tr\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb1ng ch\u01a1n, ch\u1ed7 x\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa J\u00easus \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 20:12). Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ma-thi-\u01a1 28:2-7 ghi l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u0103n h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1, l\u00e0m kinh h\u00e3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, M\u00e1c k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef th\u1ea5y \u201cm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean h\u1eefu, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00e0i tr\u1eafng.\u201d (M\u00e1c 16:5).<\/p>\n

V\u1eady trong ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 hay ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n ra? V\u00e2ng. Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, trong C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 15 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Si-la \u0111i c\u00f9ng Phao-l\u00f4 trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 15:40). Nh\u01b0ng khi Lu-ca k\u00fd thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua x\u1ee9 Sy-ri v\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Si-li-si, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 15:41), v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u201cPhao-l\u00f4 t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1eb9t-b\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh L\u00edt-tr\u01a1\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 16:1). Si-la \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Si-la \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i c\u00f9ng Phao-l\u00f4 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u0103n h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c k\u00fd thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i (Gi\u0103ng 20:12) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng (Lu-ca 24:4), b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c k\u00fd thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t giao th\u00f4ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng hai nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng s\u1ebd k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. Mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u1edf nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu th\u00ec l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, t\u00f2a \u00e1n s\u1ebd nghi ng\u1edd li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5c Sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi th\u00eam n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn th\u1ee9 ba x\u1ea3y ra do hi\u1ec3u sai b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u1eb1m sau b\u1ea3n v\u0103n trong l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 \u0111i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng khi h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda xe, hay m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u01a1 cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft c\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd hay khoa h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang theo chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi gian \u201cm\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi quay quanh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1m d\u1ed7<\/p>\n

Trong Ma-thi-\u01a1 4 k\u00fd thu\u1eadt c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y: h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 th\u00e0nh b\u00e1nh (Ma-thi-\u01a1 4:3); nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd (Ma-thi-\u01a1 4:5-6); v\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y Sa-tan tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai (Ma-thi-\u01a1 4:9). Lu-ca 4 c\u0169ng k\u00fd thu\u1eadt c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c: h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 th\u00e0nh b\u00e1nh (Lu-ca 4:3); th\u1edd ma qu\u1ef7 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai (Lu-ca 4:5-6); v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd (Lu-ca 4:9-11).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Aristotle \u0111\u1ecfi h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a ra: Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o sai? N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng sai. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Sa-tan l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

Trong \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u1ea3 Ma-thi-\u01a1 l\u1eabn Lu-ca \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111ang vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u1ea3i qua l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng so v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec h\u00f4m nay, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng nay t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho Qu\u00fd \u00d4ng, tham d\u1ef1 bu\u1ed5i nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i v\u1ee3 t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho Qu\u00fd \u00d4ng, so\u1ea1n b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. V\u1eady t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u1ec9 khi t\u00f4i h\u1ee9a k\u1ec3 ra c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed7i khi t\u00f4i k\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, Ma-thi-\u01a1 v\u00e0 Lu-ca ch\u1ec9 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00fd thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ecbu n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

L\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ch\u00e9p tay. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Gutenberg th\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c; v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng tay m\u1ed9t \u00e1ng v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean do l\u1ed7i sao ch\u00e9p. II Sa-mu-\u00ean 10 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng trong xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i A-ram \u201c\u0110a-v\u00edt gi\u1ebft b\u1ea3y tr\u0103m xe binh\u201d (II Sa-mu-\u00ean 10:18). B\u1ed1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, I S\u1eed-k\u00fd 19 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ghi th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201c\u0110a-v\u00edt gi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Sy-ri b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0n l\u00ednh c\u1ea7m xe\u201d (19:18). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00fd l\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong I S\u1eed k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 trong II Sa-mu-\u00ean.<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, c\u1ea3 hai k\u00fd thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, b\u1edfi v\u00ec 700 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con c\u1ee7a 7000. \u0110a-v\u00edt gi\u1ebft 700 xe binh n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft 7000. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do l\u1ed7i ghi ch\u00e9p. L\u1ed7i n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u00e0 hai b\u1ea3n v\u0103n mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u2013 \u0110a-v\u00edt l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1o binh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh an.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ghi ch\u00e9p kh\u00e1c trong Thi Thi\u00ean hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba. B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i: \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\u201d (Thi Thi\u00ean 23:6). Masoretes (ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00fd l\u1ee5c Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i,\u201d t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 wesabti. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb weyasabti (c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Ch\u1eef w (ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 waw) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef y (ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 yod) r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Masoretes \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef w b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111i, sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 wesabti. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 tin \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 weyasabti n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u1edf.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, h\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u1eed cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i in \u1ea5n trong t\u1edd b\u00e1o ng\u00e0y mai c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a tin. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i trong b\u1ea3n tin truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i nay c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00fa ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u00e1ng v\u0103n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n danh b\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tra t\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u00e1ch y khoa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i sai ph\u1ea1m. V\u0169ng v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi sai ph\u1ea1m. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n sai m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ai trong ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m b\u00e1c s\u0129 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00edn, Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn trong khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 d\u00f2 x\u00e9t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang ta qua su\u1ed1t ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u00e0y t\u1ecf cho ch\u00fang ta ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (Gi\u0103ng 20:30-31) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch trang b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 3:16-17).<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu sau n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n nghe c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u01b0a. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ch\u00ednh T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u00f4i m\u1eebng v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00e1c Nh\u1eadn B\u1edfi Ch\u1ee9ng C\u1edb N\u1ed9i T\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Ch\u00e9p Tay<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t suy \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i ba l\u1ea7n th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. C\u00e0ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 \u201ctruy\u1ec1n tin.\u201d Ch\u00fang ta s\u1eafp ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n. N\u00f3i th\u00ec th\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tin t\u1ee9c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba n\u00f3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp theo. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n tin cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft v\u00f2ng. Khi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m nh\u1ea5t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u00e1m n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n tin Kinh Th\u00e1nh? B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng tay su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u00e0? Kinh Th\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang n\u1eefa. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u201d T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i g\u00ec. C\u00f2n b\u1ea1n th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Dan Brown, M\u1eadt M\u00e3 Da Vinci, do nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201cs\u1eed gia\u201d h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa. Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean m\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.1<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Brown \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cM\u1ecdi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5 b\u00ed m\u1eadt trong quy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.\u201d2 \u0110\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n thay, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 tin tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Brown nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao.<\/p>\n

Tin bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n bi\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng tin vui l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y. Khi h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian Phao-l\u00f4 b\u1ecb giam trong ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo v\u00e0 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p. Khi vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n ngon, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho \u00f4ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng: \u201cKhi con s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y \u0111em \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Ca-b\u00fat, th\u00e0nh Tr\u00f4-\u00e1ch, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch v\u1edf n\u1eefa, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y da\u201d (II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 4:13). Nh\u1eefng \u201cs\u00e1ch v\u1edf\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea5y da\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5y papyrus, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u201cgi\u1ea5y\u201d th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1eady papyrus m\u1ecdc d\u1ecdc theo S\u00f4ng Nile t\u1ea1i Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft, tr\u1ea3i ra v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecdc, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7t ngang ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u00e1n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c may v\u00e0 d\u00e1n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y da, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Pergamum t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 (ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb da \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 chi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c d\u00ea (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng da). C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 papyrus, gi\u1ea5y da c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f2n th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e2y s\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u1ecd, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i dung d\u1ecbch keo c\u00e1c-bon. B\u00fat, m\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y papyrus v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y da.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y papyrus. B\u1edfi v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i \u201cgi\u1ea5y\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c n\u00e0o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Plato, Aristotle ho\u1eb7c Julius Caesar c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 100 Sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 kh\u00e2u ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ccodex\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1c codex s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y da l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao tr\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y da m\u00e0 Phao-l\u00f4 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u?<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta qua ba ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau. Ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t trong ba ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i sang tr\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft hoa, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201cch\u1ea5m\u201d) m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng A-ram l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong \u00ca-x\u01a1-ra 4:8-6:18, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 d\u1eabn ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa vua Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng; \u00ca-x\u01a1-ra 7:12-26 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 t\u1eeb vua Ba T\u01b0 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u00ca-x\u01a1-ra; v\u00e0 \u0110a-ni-\u00ean 2:4-7:28.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u00ca-sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Na-za-r\u00e9t (Lu-ca 4:17-19). Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng A-ram. Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb A-ram trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u2013 \u201cA-ba\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Cha (M\u00e1c 14:36), v\u00e0 \u201cEloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani!\u201d (M\u00e1c 15:34: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u00f4i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u00f4i, sao Ng\u00e0i l\u00eca b\u1ecf t\u00f4i!\u201d), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung trong \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u2013 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p koine (ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y papyrus v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed1m t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch mua s\u1eafm, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, di ch\u00fac, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thang \u0111o xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p koine hay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u201cph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng\u201d nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c lan t\u1ecfa theo di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. I Phi-e-r\u01a1 (do Phi-e-r\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecdc cho Sin-vanh ch\u00e9p ra, I Phi-e-r\u01a1 5:12) v\u00e0 H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. S\u00e1ch Lu-ca v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

William Barclay k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng; lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u2026 B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch sai T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.\u201d3<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o trong t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. C\u0169ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf cho ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n v\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5y papyrus v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y da, b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1eadt g\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra? Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 n\u00e0o c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y b\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u00edt h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hay m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Kinh Th\u00e1nh ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e9p ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng tay. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 in \u1ea5n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y k\u00fd l\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00fang Kinh Th\u00e1nh?<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh<\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 chuy\u00ean d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 khi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00e0o Shakespeare, h\u1ecd tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o do ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch vi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho Christopher Marlowe vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Plato v\u00e0 Aristotle, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem b\u1ea3n sao n\u00e0o l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4n kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t huy th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh khi hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau x\u1ea3y ra: (1) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ed5; (2) th\u1eddi gian c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. C\u00e0ng \u00edt b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ed5 th\u00ec c\u00e0ng \u00edt t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sai s\u00f3t trong truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay? T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Chi\u1ebfn Tranh X\u1ee9 Gaul do Caesar s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 58 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 50 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. B\u1ea3n sao c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o 900 n\u0103m sau; ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00edn hay m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng minh cho nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Caesar ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Tacitus l\u00e0 s\u1eed gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda quy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p 900 n\u0103m sau b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Thucydides \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 400 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. B\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1300 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng 5 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Aristotle (384-322 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean), b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 1.400 n\u0103m sau b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3n sao Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 300 n\u0103m sau b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y Papyrus (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 P52) ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng 18 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i n\u0103m 130 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean (ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m sau b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng).4<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n sao m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 5.000 b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 10.000 b\u1ea3n sao trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n sao theo th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef in hoa kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay theo c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m n\u01a1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra: Alexandria, Ai C\u1eadp, Caesarea \u1edf Palestine, An-ti-\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Syria, Constantinople v\u00e0 La M\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh. H\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m tra ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u2013 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, theo gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u00ec c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tin c\u1eady. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u201cph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7\u201d c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00e9p tay. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Alexandria th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang trong vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i sao ch\u00e9p, l\u1ed7i bi\u00ean t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt.5 C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ed1n l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra do nh\u00ecn sai \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 t\u1eeb y (yodh) tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb w (waw). C\u0169ng v\u1eady, trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p k\u00fd t\u1ef1 in hoa \u00e9p-xi-lon (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef E tr\u00f2n) v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 theta (m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u00f4 van v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch ngang \u1edf gi\u1eefa) khi vi\u1ebft tay tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

L\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 thay cho hai k\u00fd t\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u201cmaping\u201d thay cho t\u1eeb \u201cmapping\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Anh). Ch\u00e9p th\u1eeba ch\u1eef c\u00e1i x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p vi\u1ebft hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a k\u00fd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 hai x\u1ea3y ra do nghe sai khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1ea9m khi ghi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129a x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p ghi sai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng nhau (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb two v\u00e0 to trong ti\u1ebfng Anh).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i suy ngh\u0129. Khi sao ch\u00e9p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c t\u1eeb, ghi s\u00f3t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i. L\u1ed7i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

Thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a k\u00fd t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef
\nK\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u00fd t\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9ng sau, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai ch\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau
\nT\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef th\u00e0nh hai ch\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t
\nS\u00f3t nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac gi\u1ed1ng nhau (Khi d\u1eddi m\u1eaft t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c sang b\u1ea3n sao r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9ng sau v\u00e0 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t ph\u1ea7n \u1edf gi\u1eefa)
\nT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ecf s\u00f3t nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa n\u1ebfu hai c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau
\nL\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n sai. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa \u1edf m\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n sao c\u0169 h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u0103n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n sao. \u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p s\u1ebd ch\u00e9p c\u1eaft ngang qua hai c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thay v\u00ec ch\u00e9p t\u1eebng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u201cd\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p\u201d v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1ebd \u201cch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda\u201d v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m h\u00e0i h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cc\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n Septuagint (Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p).<\/p>\n

\u201cH\u00f2a h\u1ee3p hai d\u1ecb b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi hai b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p vi\u1ebft th\u00eam nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd theo nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y tin. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Lu-ca: \u201ct\u00f4i c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 t\u1ecf ra cho \u00f4ng\u201d (Lu-ca 1:3) \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh: \u201ct\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d (xem C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 15:28: \u201c\u1ea4y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0ng r\u1eb1ng\u2026\u201d).<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e9p tay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 n\u00e0o ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n sao th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ed7i sao ch\u00e9p. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u1ecd l\u00e0m theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ra. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc do Ernst Wurthwein \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i:<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 Masoretic (b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng.
\nKhi b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 Masoretic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n Masoretic ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
\nKhi b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 Masoretic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u01b0 nhau ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, khi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c.
\nCh\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00fd do t\u00e2m l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u1ea3n v\u0103n theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\nKhi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p hai d\u1ecb b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.6
\nKhi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Bruce Metzger \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0 sau.7 \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o? Ti\u1ebfp theo, ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. V\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean ngay trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n thay v\u00ec ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea3n v\u0103n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb1m di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ecf \u0111i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc:<\/p>\n

V\u0103n phong v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.
\nB\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1.
\nS\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m.
\nNg\u00f4n ng\u1eef A-ram trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.
\n\u01afu ti\u00ean Ph\u00fac \u00c2m M\u00e1c (r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean)
\n\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t.
\nV\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n b\u1ea3n sao Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ed5. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Qumran, b\u1ea3n sao tr\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110ang khi \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t con chi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n chi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1947, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tay. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1edf h\u1eefu Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc tr\u1eeb s\u00e1ch \u00ca-x\u01a1-t\u00ea. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Masoretic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng t\u1eeb. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 do l\u1ed7i sao ch\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Sao ch\u00e9p Kinh Th\u00e1nh su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in \u1ea5n ra \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e9p tay c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ed5, ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh. V\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh, v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James?<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n textus receptus (b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn), l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Erasmus, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1516. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u00e1u b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 Robert Estienne \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1550 d\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Erasmus.9 L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1633 c\u1ee7a Henri con c\u1ee7a Estienne ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn; trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.\u201d T\u1eeb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cb\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn\u201d (received text), ho\u1eb7c textus receptus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n textus receptus tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u0103n chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh .<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Codex (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch) Sinaiticus. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y da to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p (m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t). B\u1ea3n sao n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 Sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Count Tischendorf t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00fai Sinai n\u0103m 1844. Sau hai chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn tu vi\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Codex n\u00e0y cho Nga ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1859. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb Li\u00ean Bang X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 100.000 b\u1ea3ng Anh n\u0103m 1933. B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Anh trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Anh. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Anh c\u0169ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef Codex Alexandrinus. B\u1ea3n sao Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Alexandria tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9c vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, vua Charles \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1627.
\nB\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Vatican l\u01b0u gi\u1eef Codex Vaticanus. B\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Sinaiticus, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 Sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean.
\nCodex Ephraemi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p. B\u1ea3n sao c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m.
\nCodex Bezae \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Theodor Beza, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n sao n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1581. B\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng La-tinh.
\nC\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay m\u00e0 Erasmus v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n textus receptus c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean do c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ng\u00e0y nay h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a \u0111en, sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch New American Standard Version v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 American Standard Version l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. B\u1ea3n English Standard Version l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch di\u1ec5n \u00fd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. H\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Living Bible l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y; b\u1ea3n New Living Bible ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d (Dynamic equivalence) d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eeb khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch New International Version l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. B\u1ea3n New Revised Standard Version \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en. B\u1ea3n New English Bible v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n theo sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Revised English Bible \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o ra, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng? Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem hai ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3n New International Version v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u \u00fd: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Gi\u0103ng 7:53 \u2013 8:11\u201d. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y. L\u00fd do r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Codex Bezae, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u. S\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 trong Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00e0n c\u00e3i. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n gi\u1eefa Gi\u0103ng 7:52 v\u00e0 8:12. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0o nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn t\u1eebng c\u00e2u m\u1ed9t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc Bruce Metzger \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong s\u00e1ch Gi\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5.\u201d10<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n textus receptus, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Gi\u0103ng, m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t: vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qua c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng 7:53 \u2013 8:11 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m M\u00e1c. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng ghi ch\u00fa t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay c\u0169 nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 M\u00e1c 16:9-20.\u201d T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Gi\u0103ng 7:53 \u2013 8:11, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n Textus Receptus, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 Clement t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Alexandria (sinh n\u0103m 150 Sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) v\u00e0 Origen (sinh n\u0103m 185 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00e0y. Eusebius (sinh kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 260 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) v\u00e0 Jerome (sinh n\u0103m 347 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft. T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n phong c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m M\u00e1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e2u 8 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u 9 kh\u00e1 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c c\u00e2u n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m M\u00e1c.11<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 M\u00e1c 16:9-20, ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng: kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p b\u00e1p-t\u00eam l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 M\u00e1c 16:16; n\u00f3i \u201cti\u1ebfng m\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong c\u00e2u 17; u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1eaft r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e2u 18. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u201cd\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m M\u00e1c. Tranh c\u00e3i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e9p b\u00e1p-t\u00eam v\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfng m\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

V\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u00edn l\u00fd, ni\u1ec1m tin ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o g\u1eb7p th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho Kinh Th\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

Theo F. F. Bruce, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cS\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 nghi gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00ednh Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c.\u201d12<\/p>\n

Bruce tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Frederic Kenyon \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf. C\u1ea3 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u1eabn t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh.13<\/p>\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia Dan Brown r\u1eb1ng: \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch,\u201d gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 sai.14 B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. B\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00e1c Nh\u1eadn Qua Nh\u1eefng B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee9ng B\u00ean Ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Nh\u1eefng B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee9ng B\u00ean Ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o qua m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. T\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i (h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfc h\u00f2m). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1edfi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc ph\u00eda b\u00ean h\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p: \u201cGia-c\u01a1 con c\u1ee7a Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p, em c\u1ee7a Gi\u00ea-su.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a anh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00e3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat khi chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft ra v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00e3 rao ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u201cem c\u1ee7a Gi\u00ea-su\u201d l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc sau n\u00e0y so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef g\u1ed1c. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n t\u1eebng ra kh\u01a1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ngh\u1ecb vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i t\u1eebng ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o gh\u1ebf h\u1ecdp, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vua t\u1eebng cai tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nhau, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.\u201d1 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng?2<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa b\u1edfi v\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng kinh Koran d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Allah l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng kinh k\u1ec7 linh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hindu v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 Vua tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n Vua? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy lu\u1eadn ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ebft?<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9ng minh cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tin t\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia t\u1ea1i R\u00f4-ma kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Palestin.
\nR\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay (xin xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00fa ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.
\nV\u00e0o th\u1eddi Constantine (n\u0103m 312 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean), H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh s\u1edf h\u1eefu uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecbch thu m\u1ecdi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u0111ang b\u00e1ng b\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3.
\nT\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m t\u1ea1i R\u00f4-ma.
\nNh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.
\nC\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Do Th\u00e1i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady l\u1eabn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i.
\nD\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia R\u00f4-ma. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Thallus the Samaritan \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u00e0nh Troia cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n trong th\u1eddi nay. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, Julius Africanus (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 180-250 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Thallus, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 52 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. Julius Africanus ghi r\u1eb1ng Thallus \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Gi\u00ea-su b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh l\u00e0 nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c.3 Julius v\u00e0 Eusebius tin r\u1eb1ng Thallus \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ecbu th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng phi C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Thallus ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea1o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Pliny the Elder, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 th\u01b0 t\u00edn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t t\u00e0i ba trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Pliny v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Pliny \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Latin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 112 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cho Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Trajan n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Bithynia. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n. Trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ecf \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. M\u1ed9t tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n trong m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0: \u201cH\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u00e1nh ca cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n.\u201d4<\/p>\n

Pliny \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n. Th\u1ea7n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Constantine v\u00e0o hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong ni\u1ec1m tin qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Tacitus (kho\u1ea3ng 55-120 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) l\u00e0 s\u1eed gia v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a R\u00f4-ma c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Annals (kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m s\u00e1ch, bao qu\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb sau khi Augustus qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 14 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi Nero qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 68 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean). Trong Annals 15:44 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i R\u00f4-ma trong th\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nero, Tacitus \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o [n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra tr\u1eadn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n], Nero quy t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f2n tra t\u1ea5n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u1ecb gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf v\u00ec s\u1ef1 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n. Christus, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n danh x\u01b0ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 trong th\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Tiberius d\u01b0\u1edbi tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, Pontius Pilatus, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u00ea t\u00edn g\u00e2y tai h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra.<\/p>\n

Tacitus kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ghi r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi tay Pontius Pilate, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su qua \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u1ef1 m\u00ea t\u00edn\u201d \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u201cS\u1ef1 m\u00ea t\u00edn\u201d ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh. V\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 115 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f9ng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillas (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 65-135 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Hadrian (n\u0103m 117-138 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia R\u00f4-ma v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng k\u00fd thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0ng gia, nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Suetonius ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a Nero, \u201cH\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i\u201d (Nero 16:2). Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong th\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Claudius: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh R\u00f4-ma kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng g\u00e2y n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Chrestus, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh\u201d (Claudius 25:4). Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 49 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 18:2.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i R\u00f4-ma trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh. C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.
\nNh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
\nH\u1ecd th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa s\u1ed1ng.
\nNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su<\/p>\n

S\u1eed gia Do Th\u00e1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Flavius Josephus (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 37-97 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean). Sinh ra t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem, Josephus thu\u1ed9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, \u00f4ng gia nh\u1eadp d\u00f2ng Pha-ri-si. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i R\u00f4-ma trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 66 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng sau n\u00e0y \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Vespasian t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem.<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Do Th\u00e1i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 70 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, Josephus di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4-ma. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1eed gia trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Vespasian. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Josephus c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi\u1ebfn tranh Do Th\u00e1i, Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a (Antiquity); T\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n; v\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i (On the Antiquity of the Jews).<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn hai l\u1ea7n. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0: Ananias \u201c\u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, d\u1eabn Gia-c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 em c\u1ee7a Gi\u00ea-su g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Christ, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2026 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u1ec7nh n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 h\u1ecd\u201d (Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a 20:9:1). Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Josephus \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (xem ph\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfp theo, Testimonium Flavianum). N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Gi\u00ea-su r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00eau t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o trong Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

Khi \u1ea5y, trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n Gi\u00ea-su, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1ebd th\u1eadt v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng vui s\u01b0\u1edbng. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Khi Pilate, chi\u1ebfu theo ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa v\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh Gi\u00ea-su tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u y\u00eau m\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00f4ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng. Nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean t\u1eeb Christ v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Josephus c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00ean ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c duy nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do Josephus vi\u1ebft ra. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Talmud (b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i) cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Talmud l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Do Th\u00e1i truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 200 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. B\u1ea3n k\u00fd thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mishnah. C\u00e1c l\u1eddi ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ed5 cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Gemara. Mishnah v\u00e0 Gemara k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Talmud.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd do tin r\u1eb1ng Talmud c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 phong tr\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi h\u1ecd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u00fd thu\u1eadt C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u1edf th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Clememnt, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh R\u00f4-ma (n\u0103m 95 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh R\u00f4-ma. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 1 Clement, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4. B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00eau l\u00ean th\u1ea7n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Clememt neo th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u00fac \u00e2m tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.
\nIgnatius (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 110 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3y b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 cho s\u00e1u H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Polycarp). L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Polycarp s\u1eafp b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i R\u00f4-ma. B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ignatius g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Trallians cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh tr\u00ean c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Smyrneans x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh, s\u1ef1 b\u00e1p-t\u00eam, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Magnesians x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
\nQuadratus (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 125 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean) cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.
\nTh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ba-na-ba (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 100-130) cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc.
\nJustin T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 100-165) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Cu\u1ed1n Bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (First Apology) cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
\nNh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1c minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra trong th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u00f9ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t.
\nNg\u00e0i b\u1ecb Pontius Pilate \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh.
\nNh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft.
\nH\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.
\nNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t.
\nNi\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp n\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ngay t\u1eeb thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 ra.
\n\u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4-ma \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 vua. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, d\u0169ng kh\u00ed, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lan t\u1ecfa nhanh ch\u00f3ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n l\u00ean b\u1edfi v\u00ec cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh minh ch\u1ee9ng cho tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng minh cho Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.5<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1993, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel \u0111ang s\u00e0n l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t \u0110an \u1edf Ga-li-l\u00ea. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u1ea5m bia\u201d (bia k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa. T\u1ea5m bia t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a vua \u0110a-m\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc vua Israel v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0110a-v\u00edt. M\u1eabu v\u1eadt ghi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u201cNh\u00e0 \u0110a-v\u00edt.\u201d6<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng khai qu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Hazor, Megiddo, v\u00e0 Gezer cho ta c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n tr\u1ecb v\u00ec. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a N\u00fai \u0110\u1ec1n.7<\/p>\n

S\u1eed k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba-by-l\u00f4n ghi l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi k\u00fd thu\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 bi k\u1ecbch n\u00e0y.8 C\u0169ng v\u1eady, t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a cung \u0111i\u1ec7n vua N\u00ea-bu-c\u00e1t-n\u1ebft-sa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.9<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc<\/p>\n

Theo Lu-ca 3:1, Ly-sa-ni-a l\u00e0m vua ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u x\u1ee9 A-by-len khi Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng minh cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ly-sa-ni-a cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 cung hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd do \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Lu-ca.10<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1961, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt t\u00e0n t\u00edch b\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Caesarea Maritima \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, m\u1eabu v\u1eadt ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng ti\u1ebfng La-tin: Tiberieum\u2026 [Pon]tius Pilatus\u2026 [Praef]ectus Juda[ea]e. D\u00f2ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Pontius Pilate l\u00e0 qu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb x\u1ee9 Giu-\u0111\u00ea.11<\/p>\n

Yhohnn Yehohanan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i n\u0103m 70 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. N\u0103m 1968, h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u00e3y, minh ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4-ma \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft cho n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111inh xuy\u00ean qua c\u1ed5 tay v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 ch\u00e2n.12 C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh trong c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m (xem Gi\u0103ng 19:17-32).<\/p>\n

Lu-ca \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u1edb: \u201cL\u00fac Ga-li-\u00f4n \u0111ang l\u00e0m quan tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 x\u1ee9 A-chai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giu-\u0111a \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ngh\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng Phao-l\u00f4\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 18:12). Ga-li-\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c Phao-l\u00f4 ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00f2a \u00e1n (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 18:16) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1 Phao-l\u00f4. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Lu-ca n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ga-li-\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c\u201d c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 A-chai trong th\u1eddi gian Phao-l\u00f4 thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Sau n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Delphi ghi l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh c\u1ee7a Ga-li-\u00f4n; m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 51 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111ang \u1edf t\u1ea1i C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4.13<\/p>\n

\u00ca-r\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 19:22 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng lao v\u1edbi Phao-l\u00f4 thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4. C\u00e1c khai qu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00ca-r\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quan th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.\u201d14<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean tri trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i:<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ti\u00ean tri n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si t\u1eeb trong \u00ca-sai 61. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi v\u1eeba nghe \u0111\u00f3\u201d (Lu-ca 4:21).
\nNg\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i d\u00f2 xem Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi: \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ta v\u1eady. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng!\u2026 V\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i tin M\u00f4i-se, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tin ta; b\u1edfi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ta m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 5:39-40, 46).
\nT\u1ea1i b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c l\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3: \u201cV\u00ec ta rao cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng k\u1ebb d\u1eef. L\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ta. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ta h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn\u201d (Lu-ca 22:37).
\nKhi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng: \u201cNh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u1ea7u cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 26:56).
\nTrong \u0111\u00eam Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng hai m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111ang \u0111i v\u1ec1 Em-ma-\u00fat r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u1ee1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u1ea1i d\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ch\u1eadm tin l\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng ti\u00ean tri n\u00f3i! H\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ch\u1ecbu th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 vinh hi\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh sao? \u0110o\u1ea1n, Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb M\u00f4i-se r\u1ed3i k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5ng ti\u00ean tri m\u00e0 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a cho hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i trong c\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d (Lu-ca 24:25-27).
\nSau khi ph\u1ee5c sinh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7y kinh ng\u1ea1c r\u1eb1ng: \u201cM\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 ta trong lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p M\u00f4i-se, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c Thi Thi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m\u201d (Lu-ca 24:44).
\nKinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0m \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si:<\/p>\n

Trong ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 tu\u1ea7n, Phi-e-r\u01a1 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1eeb Gi\u00f4-\u00ean 2, Thi Thi\u00ean 16, v\u00e0 Thi Thi\u00ean 110 nh\u1eb1m c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si-a m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 2:14-36).
\nSau \u0111\u00f3 Phi-e-r\u01a1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 cho m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem: \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ban cho \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1n ti\u00ean tri b\u1edfi mi\u1ec7ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng ti\u00ean tri r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 3:18).
\nPhi-e-r\u01a1 n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng C\u1ecdt-n\u00e2y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng n\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec5 ai tin Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i v\u00ec danh Ng\u00e0i\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 10:43).
\nKhi Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh T\u00ea-sa-l\u00f4-ni-ca: \u201cPhao-l\u00f4 t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i theo th\u00f3i quen m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 trong ba ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd,l\u1ea5y Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ n\u1ea7y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa J\u00easus m\u00e0 ta rao truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 17:2-3).
\nPhao-l\u00f4 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cTin L\u00e0nh x\u01b0a kia \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng ti\u00ean tri Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 h\u1ee9a trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d (R\u00f4-ma 1:2).
\nTh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 anh em \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta theo l\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh; Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, theo l\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d (I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 15:3-4).
\nR\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0m \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si, c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u1eabn c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. Phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u1ea5y v\u1eabn y nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n 300 l\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn.15 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i cho s\u00e1ch Ma-la-chi, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 400 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Septuagint, b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 250 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0m \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n l\u00e0 h\u01a1n hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef sanh ra (S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u00fd 3:15; Ga-la-ti 4:4)
\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh (\u00ca-sai 7:14; Ma-thi-\u01a1 1:18, 24-25; Lu-ca 1:26-35)
\nD\u00f2ng d\u00f5i \u00c1p-ra-ham (S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u00fd 22:18; Ma-thi-\u01a1 1:1; Ga-la-ti 3:16)
\nD\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Y-s\u00e1c (S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u00fd 21:12; Lu-ca 3:23, 34; Ma-thi-\u01a1 1:1-2)
\nD\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Gia-c\u1ed1p (D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 k\u00fd 24:17; Lu-ca 3:23, 34)
\nThu\u1ed9c chi ph\u00e1i Giu-\u0111a (Mi-ch\u00ea 5:2; Lu-ca 3:23, 33; Ma-thi-\u01a1 1:1-2)
\nT\u1eeb d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i gia \u0111\u00ecnh Gi\u00ea-se (\u00ca-sai 11:1; Lu-ca 3:23, 32; Ma-thi-\u01a1 1:1, 6)
\nT\u1eeb nh\u00e0 \u0110a-v\u00edt (Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi 23:5; Lu-ca 3:23, 31; Ma-thi-\u01a1 1:1)
\nSinh ra t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh B\u1ebft-l\u00ea-hem (Mi-ch\u00ea 5:2; Ma-thi-\u01a1 2:1)
\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt (Thi Thi\u00ean 72:10; Ma-thi-\u01a1 2:1, 11)
\nC\u00e1c con tr\u1ebb trong khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1ng sinh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb t\u00e0n s\u00e1t (Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi 31:15; Ma-thi-\u01a1 2:16)
\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u (\u00ca-sai 11:2; Ma-thi-\u01a1 3:16-17)
\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00e0i (\u00ca-sai 40:3; Ma-la-chi 3:1; Ma-thi-\u01a1 3:1-2)
\nThi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Ga-li-l\u00ea (\u00ca-sai 9:1; Ma-thi-\u01a1 4:12-17)
\nTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 (\u00ca-sai 35:5-6; Ma-thi-\u01a1 9:35)
\nC\u01b0\u1ee1i m\u1ed9t con l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem (Xa-cha-ri 9:9; Lu-ca 19:35-37)
\nNg\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i (Thi Thi\u00ean 41:9; Ma-thi-\u01a1 10:4)
\nB\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf (Xa-cha-ri 13:7; M\u00e1c 14:50)
\nB\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng d\u1ed1i m\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i Ng\u00e0i (Thi Thi\u00ean 35:11; Ma-thi-\u01a1 26:59-60)
\nNg\u00e0i im l\u1eb7ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c (\u00ca-sai 53:7; Ma-thi-\u01a1 27:12)
\nB\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (\u00ca-sai 53:5; Ma-thi-\u01a1 27:26)
\nB\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb kh\u1ea1c nh\u1ed5 (\u00ca-sai 5-:6; Ma-thi-\u01a1 26:67)
\nB\u1ecb coi khinh (Thi Thi\u00ean 22:7-8; Ma-thi-\u01a1 27:29)
\nTay v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2m xuy\u00ean (Thi Thi\u00ean 22:16; Lu-ca 23:33)
\nCh\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m (\u00ca-sai 53:12; Ma-thi-\u01a1 27:38)
\nC\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft b\u1edb m\u00ecnh (\u00ca-sai 53:12; Lu-ca 23:34)
\nNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb1ng xa (Thi Thi\u00ean 38:11; Lu-ca 23:49)
\n\u00c1o Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb x\u00e9 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft th\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 chia cho nhau (Thi Thi\u00ean 22:18; Gi\u0103ng 19:23-24)
\nCh\u1ecbu kh\u00e1t (Thi Thi\u00ean 69:21; Gi\u0103ng 19:28)
\nH\u1ecd cho Ng\u00e0i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5m (Thi Thi\u00ean 69:21; Ma-thi-\u01a1 27:34)
\nCh\u1ecbu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf (Thi Thi\u00ean 22:1; Ma-thi-\u01a1 27:46)
\nPh\u00f3 th\u00e1c ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o tay \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Thi Thi\u00ean 31:5; Lu-ca 23:46)
\nX\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u00e3y (Thi Thi\u00ean 34:20; Gi\u0103ng 19:33)
\nH\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e2m (Xa-cha-ri 12:10; Gi\u0103ng 19:34)
\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n trong m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u (\u00ca-sai 53:9; Ma-thi-\u01a1 27:57-60)
\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft (Thi Thi\u00ean 16:18; C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 2:31)
\nTh\u0103ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi (Thi Thi\u00ean 68:18; C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 1:9)
\nNg\u1ed3i b\u00ean h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Thi Thi\u00ean 110:1; H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 1:3)
\nR\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh: \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh minh ch\u1ee9ng cho Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia R\u00f4-ma \u00edt ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh trong to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00ecn chung, nh\u1eefng k\u00fd thu\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1u<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u2013 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Mu\u1ed1n Ch\u00fang Ta C\u00f3<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e3 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch King James c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ba m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i c\u1ea5t trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch. C\u00e2y gia ph\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat m\u00e1y v\u1edbi n\u00e9t ch\u1eef r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p \u1edf trang \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i th\u1eadt th\u00edch th\u00fa. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 thees v\u00e0 thous (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mi, ng\u01b0\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi) khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, t\u1eeb begats (cha c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3) th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng trong b\u00eca da m\u00e0u \u0111en n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trao cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh (t\u1eeb kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n: canon b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1eef kanon trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eb3ng).1 Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng do m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong ng\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch, cu\u1ed1n M\u1eadt M\u00e3 Da Vinci. Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Dan Brown n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201cs\u1eed gia\u201d Leigh Teabing \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u00e0i nghi c\u00f3 t\u00ean Sophie Neveu r\u1eb1ng Constantine \u0111\u00e3 \u201cn\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00ea-su\u201d t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201cvi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.\u201d V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u201cphong tr\u00e0o s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c x\u1ea3y ra\u201d khi \u201cConstantine \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac \u00e2m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u00e0 th\u00eam th\u1eaft cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00fac \u00e2m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ph\u00fac \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y.\u201d2 V\u1eady ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn Ma-la-chi l\u00e0 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Khi b\u1ecb giam trong ng\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111em t\u1edbi cho \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y da (II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 4:13), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111em t\u1edbi cho \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau. Khi s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ra \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ra v\u00e0 may l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1, nh\u1eb1m t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ni\u1ec1m tin Do Th\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, Ti\u00ean tri, v\u00e0 V\u0103n th\u01a1. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp s\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ph\u1ee5c sinh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u1ea4y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 khi ta c\u00f2n \u1edf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, ta b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 ta trong lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p M\u00f4i-se, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c Thi Thi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m\u201d (Lu-ca 24:44). C\u00e1c Thi Thi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch V\u0103n th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Khi Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, bao g\u1ed3m M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 trong th\u1eddi ban s\u01a1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n Israel \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edd c\u00f5i Ca-na-an. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Torah, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7. Sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 kinh (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 N\u0103m quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch):<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u00fd
\nXu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4-k\u00fd
\nL\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd
\nD\u00e2n s\u1ed1 k\u00fd
\nPh\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 k\u00fd
\nPh\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nebiim. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh ti\u00ean tri c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u00e1m s\u00e1ch. B\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (Former Prophets) bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea
\nC\u00e1c quan x\u00e9t
\nI & II Sa-mu-\u00ean
\nI & II C\u00e1c vua
\nXin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Sa-mu-\u00ean v\u00e0 C\u00e1c vua ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang do m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang k\u00fd thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ba-by-l\u00f4n b\u1eaft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 586 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean).<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri sau\u201d (Latter Prophets) bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

\u00ca-sai
\nGi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi
\n\u00ca-x\u00ea-chi-\u00ean
\n\u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi hai s\u00e1ch\u201d
\nC\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi hai s\u00e1ch\u201d ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u201cti\u1ec3u\u201d ti\u00ean tri (t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri kh\u00e1c) bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

\u00d4-s\u00ea
\nGi\u00f4-\u00ean
\nA-m\u1ed1t
\n\u00c1p-\u0111ia
\nGi\u00f4-na
\nMi-ch\u00ea
\nNa-hum
\nHa-ba-c\u00fac
\nS\u00f4-ph\u00f4-ni
\nA-gh\u00ea
\nXa-cha-ri
\nMa-la-chi
\nCu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u201cV\u0103n th\u01a1,\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ketubim. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Thi Thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n). Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

Thi Thi\u00ean
\nCh\u00e2m ng\u00f4n
\nGi\u00f3p
\nNh\u00e3 ca
\nRu-t\u01a1
\nCa th\u01b0\u01a1ng
\nTruy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o
\n\u00ca-x\u01a1-t\u00ea
\n\u0110a-ni-\u00ean
\n\u00ca-x\u01a1-ra v\u00e0 N\u00ea-h\u00ea-mi
\nI & II S\u1eed k\u00fd
\nT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Sa-mu-\u00ean v\u00e0 C\u00e1c vua, s\u00e1ch \u00ca-x\u01a1-ra v\u00e0 N\u00ea-h\u00ea-mi v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch I & II S\u1eed k\u00fd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang ta cho r\u1eb1ng \u00ca-x\u01a1-ra, N\u00ea-h\u00ea-mi v\u00e0 I & II S\u1eed k\u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c linh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u00fd, nh\u01b0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf s\u00e1ch Ma-la-chi m\u00e0 \u1edf s\u00e1ch II S\u1eed k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. B\u1ea3n \u201cMasoretic Text\u201d (b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Do Th\u00e1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c Cu\u1ed9n Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1947, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n sao Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m c\u0169 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa, h\u1ecd sinh s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng xung quanh khu v\u1ef1c Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft. R\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, theo nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Do Th\u00e1i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c Ra-bi v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Jamnia (ho\u1eb7c Jabneh) t\u1ea1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Giu-\u0111\u00ea v\u00e0o n\u0103m 90 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 118 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u0103m 70 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp ra Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Jamnia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. Josephus, s\u1eed gia Do Th\u00e1i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch xung quanh m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u1eabn nhau, [nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u00f3] nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai s\u00e1ch, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi.3<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Justin t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 165 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sau khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho l\u1ebd th\u1eadt C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd:<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tham lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e9p; sau \u0111\u00f3, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1edbi.4<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1, v\u00e0 \u201ctham lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3\u201d l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh?<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Giao \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 70 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Phi-e-r\u01a1 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Lu-ca ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u00e1ch Lu-ca v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3. Ma-thi-\u01a1 t\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; Gi\u0103ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u00fd thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau khi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng k\u00fd thu\u1eadt do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft ra. M\u1ed7i khi ch\u00fang ta m\u1edf Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n ph\u00fac \u00e2m. Khi h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c trong to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4-ma, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2n t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t quy chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. T\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft n\u00ean m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 sau. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 t\u00edn trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1eaft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eafm v\u00e0 tay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1edd\u201d (I Gi\u0103ng 1:1). H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n. M\u1ed7i khi ch\u00fang ta m\u1edf Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 140 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Marcion tin r\u1eb1ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n n\u00ean b\u00e1c b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 (b\u1ecf s\u00f3t I &II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea v\u00e0 T\u00edt) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Lu-ca, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Qua th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ed1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi soi d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1eadn m\u1eaft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ea7n thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Thuy\u1ebft ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u201cph\u00fac \u00e2m\u201d ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 Th\u00f4-ma ho\u1eb7c Phi-e-r\u01a1 vi\u1ebft ra. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp thu l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.<\/p>\n

Ma-thi-\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Gi\u0103ng. M\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 th\u1eddi ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau v\u1edbi Phao-l\u00f4 (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 13:4-5) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con thu\u1ed9c linh c\u1ee7a Phi-e-r\u01a1 (I Phi-e-r\u01a1 5:13). C\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n ban \u0111\u1ea7u tin r\u1eb1ng M\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 Phi-e-r\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Lu-ca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp c\u00f9ng Phao-l\u00f4 trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Tr\u00f4-\u00e1ch (l\u01b0u \u00fd trong C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 16:10, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u201ch\u1ecd\u201d sang \u201cch\u00fang ta\u201d). Lu-ca vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (Lu-ca 1:1-4). C\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ph\u1ee5c sinh (xem C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 9:1-6), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Gia-c\u01a1 (em c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su), Phi-e-r\u01a1, Giu-\u0111e (em c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su), v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u00ean v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, Clement \u1edf th\u00e0nh R\u00f4-ma kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Clement g\u1eedi cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 S\u00e1ch Tin L\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean V\u1ec1 Th\u1eddi Th\u01a1 \u1ea4u C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con la do m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i khi con la l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1edf em b\u00e9 Gi\u00ea-su tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng (7:5-27). C\u0169ng trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, thi\u1ebfu nhi Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa chim v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng (15:1-7), l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ngai vua m\u00e0 cha Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (16:5-16), v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e9 trai ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i (19:19-24). Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh chung ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 g\u1eedi cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u1ef1c ra, Phi-e-r\u01a1 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d (II Phi-e-r\u01a1 3:16). \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 100 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh chung t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ph\u00fac \u00e2m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u201ccu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ\u201d b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 do Th\u00f4-ma vi\u1ebft) v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Ni-c\u00f4-\u0111em (\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 Pontius Pilate). Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong tr\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c chung c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Ma-thi-\u01a1, M\u00e1c, Lu-ca v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 qua c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 130 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, Papias ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch M\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch \u201cPh\u00fac \u00c2m\u201d v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1 v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng.5 Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 170, m\u1ed9t C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Assyri t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tatian \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u1ea3n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p\u201d c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean. Irenaeus, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh Lyons x\u1ee9 Gaul kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 180, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng l\u1eadp ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong k\u00fd thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Lu-ca. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ngay sau c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t (kh\u00f4ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129). K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Phao-l\u00f4. I Phi-e-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 I Gi\u0103ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

II Phi-e-r\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi I Phi-e-r\u01a1, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng I Phi-e-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 k\u00fd v\u00e0 II Phi-e-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tay s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a II & III Gi\u0103ng, Gia-c\u01a1, Giu-\u0111e v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh chung ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Muratori (Do L.A. Muratori ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1740) l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 200 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh R\u00f4-ma th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.6 Danh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1ch Gia-c\u01a1, I & II Phi-e-r\u01a1, III Gi\u0103ng, v\u00e0 H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

Eusebius, s\u1eed gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n theo ba lo\u1ea1i: \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn,\u201d \u201c\u0111ang b\u00e0n c\u00e3i,\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ecb gi\u00e1o.\u201d \u00d4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn\u201d bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 (Eusebius \u0111\u01b0a s\u00e1ch H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4), I Gi\u0103ng, I Phi-e-r\u01a1, v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n. Trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u201c\u0111ang b\u00e0n c\u00e3i\u201d \u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d bao g\u1ed3m Gia-c\u01a1, Giu-\u0111e, II Phi-e-r\u01a1, II & III Gi\u0103ng (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y). V\u1eady m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Athanasius, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh Alexandria, \u0111\u1ec1 ra trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c sinh do \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft ra n\u0103m 367 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn [c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch] trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m theo Ma-thi-\u01a1, M\u00e1c, Lu-ca v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t), b\u1ea3y s\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m Gia-c\u01a1 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch; Phi-e-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 hai s\u00e1ch; Gi\u0103ng c\u00f3 ba s\u00e1ch; sau c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Giu-\u0111e. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 sau. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u01b0 t\u00edn g\u1eedi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4-ma; sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai s\u00e1ch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4; k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ga-la-ti; ti\u1ebfp theo cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4; sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi-l\u00edp; ti\u1ebfp theo cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4-l\u00f4-se; sau c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u01b0 t\u00edn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00ea-sa-l\u00f4-ni-ca v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, hai s\u00e1ch g\u1eedi cho Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea; m\u1ed9t cho T\u00edt; v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho Phi-l\u00ea-m\u00f4n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1edd l\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tin k\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam, ho\u1eb7c b\u1edbt \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1eeb trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.7<\/p>\n

Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111i t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean thay v\u00ec t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Athanasius \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u0103m 393 v\u00e0 397 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1edbi tr\u00ean H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n song song v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh F. F. Bruce tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201cNh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u2026 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn chung trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y.\u201d8<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh William Barclay \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

\u2026 Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c \u1ee6y ban ho\u1eb7c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cho c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.9<\/p>\n

V\u1eady kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n M\u1eadt M\u00e3 Da Vinci n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Constantine \u201c\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra\u201d Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u sai. Constantine ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. L\u01b0\u1edbt qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh chung c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng theo trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady c\u00f2n c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y kinh th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef ng\u1ee5y kinh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. So v\u1edbi Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Ng\u1ee5y Kinh bao g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, sau s\u00e1ch Ma-la-chi (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 400 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u00e1ch Sirach d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Alexandria, Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Palestine ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y kinh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y kinh: I Esdras; I Maccabees; II Maccabees; Tobit; Judith; S\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung cho s\u00e1ch \u00ca-x\u01a1-t\u00ea; B\u00e0i ca c\u1ee7a ba ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb; Susanna; Bel v\u00e0 Con R\u1ed3ng; Kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n; Kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Gi\u00ea-su con Sirach (c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ecclesiasticus); Baruch; Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi; B\u00e0i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Manasseh; II Esdras.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Do Th\u00e1i t\u1ea1i Alexandria v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0: d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p. Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 200 n\u0103m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Septuagint (b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Hy L\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i). Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Do Th\u00e1i (ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch Ng\u0169 Kinh, n\u0103m s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Alexandria, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y kinh r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, Jerome b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. L\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u0103m 382 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh sang ti\u1ebfng Latin (b\u1ea3n \u201cVulgate,\u201d t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Latin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d). \u00d4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 405. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n Septuagint cho ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ng\u1ee5y Kinh. Jerome \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Latin, m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y kinh b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. N\u0103m 1546, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trent ban h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Vulgate l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Latin ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ng\u1ee5y Kinh v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh? Khi Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u 500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y kinh. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i gi\u1eefa Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p. H\u1ecd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Khi Martin Luther d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh sang ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ng\u1ee5y Kinh v\u00e0o. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, Kinh Th\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y kinh. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u00f3. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y kinh v\u00e0o v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tham kh\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ng\u1ee5y Kinh, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. M\u1ecdi C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i cho d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

V\u1eady ai \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh? V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 ban s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh (II Phi-e-r\u01a1 1:20-21), \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft phong tr\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7m tr\u00ean tay ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n. Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 khi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng do s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eadp trung n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc William Barclay \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y: \u201cVi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i khi l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong tr\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef\u201d10<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u201ctruy\u1ec1n\u201d Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 qua ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3y<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u Nh\u1eefng C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c K\u1ef3 Di\u1ec7u C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u00e9p L\u1ea1<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1961 khi ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i Nobel t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng John Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3i nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng quy t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i T\u00f2a B\u1ea1ch \u1ed0c n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n khi Thomas Jefferson \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n t\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra Jefferson l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111a t\u00e0i. Th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, ti\u1ebfng Anh, Ph\u00e1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Latin, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u201ch\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t\u2026 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.\u201d1<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Jefferson c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1ea5y \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t; h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch t\u1eeb tr\u00ed nh\u1edb nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua.\u201d K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, \u201cc\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u00e9n, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sai, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d2<\/p>\n

K\u00fd thu\u1eadt \u201c\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u00e9n\u201d v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u m\u00e0 Jefferson kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 dung h\u00f2a v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u1edbi Jefferson, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n v\u0169, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady Jefferson t\u1ef1 xem m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n, theo ngh\u0129a duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa [\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su] mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng g\u00e1n cho ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.\u201d3<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Jefferson lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Jefferson\u201d \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eady ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1, Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf.\u201d4<\/p>\n

Thomas Jefferson kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1edfi v\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 khi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t suy ngh\u0129 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Phong tr\u00e0o h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cduy linh\u201d v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o, d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u201cc\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u201cc\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tranh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p thuy\u1ebft duy v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tranh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ cho \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u? Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1<\/p>\n

S. Lewis \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cph\u00e9p l\u1ea1\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean.\u201d5 Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c (ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean), trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a si\u00eau nhi\u00ean). C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00fang?6
\nNgay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. \u201cC\u00e1c d\u1ea5u k\u1ef3\u201d \u201cph\u00e9p l\u1ea1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u1eabn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng \u201cd\u1ea5u k\u1ef3\u201d phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a M\u00f4i-se (Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 k\u00fd 3:12; 4:3-8), v\u00e0 cho th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (C\u00e1c quan x\u00e9t 6:17; \u00ca-sai 38:7; Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi 44:29). \u201cC\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1\u201d \u0111i theo c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u k\u1ef3 (Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 k\u00fd 7:3; Ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 k\u00fd 26:8; c\u0169ng xem trong Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 k\u00fd 15:6-7).<\/p>\n

Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ea5u k\u1ef3\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 2:11; 6:2; 9:16; 11:47). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Christ (Ma-thi-\u01a1 12:39-40) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 2:43; 4:16, 30; 8:13; 14:3). \u201cC\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1\u201d di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cd\u1ea5u k\u1ef3\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 4:48; C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5. 6:8; 14:3).7<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng, \u201cNh\u01b0ng ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng; v\u00ec c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c Cha \u0111\u00e3 giao cho ta l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c ta l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho ta r\u1eb1ng Cha \u0111\u00e3 sai ta.\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 5:36). M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c [ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u] m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su nh\u00e2n danh Cha th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (Gi\u0103ng 10:25).<\/p>\n

Khi Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt sai c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si kh\u00f4ng, \u201c\u0111ang l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au \u1ed1m, b\u1ecbnh t\u1eadt, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb qu\u1ef7 \u00e1m, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng v\u1eeba ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 khi\u1ebfn m\u1eaft h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u2018C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Gi\u0103ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nghe. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi phung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ebfc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe gi\u1ea3ng tin m\u1eebng.\u201d (Lu-ca 7:21-22).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu Ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Cha Ta, \u0111\u1eebng tin Ta. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ta l\u00e0m, d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng tin Ta, h\u00e3y tin nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c Ta l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng Cha \u1edf trong Ta v\u00e0 Ta \u1edf trong Cha.\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 10:37-38). Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00ecnh: \u201cKhi Ta n\u00f3i Ta \u1edf trong Cha v\u00e0 Cha \u1edf trong Ta, h\u00e3y tin Ta; b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c Ta l\u00e0m m\u00e0 tin Ta.\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 14:11).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Origen (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 185-254) tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 th\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng l\u1eafng nghe Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Th\u00e1nh t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o Justin (b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh n\u0103m 165) bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. Athanasius (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 296-373) tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng minh cho th\u1ea7n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Gregory \u1edf x\u1ee9 Nyssa (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 330-395) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.8<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng tai. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m linh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u1ed1ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa tin quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u00fac \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin.\u201d (R\u00f4-ma 1:16). N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1cc\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu Thomas Jefferson n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao Phao-l\u00f4 n\u00f3i, \u201cV\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a anh em c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u00e0 anh em v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00ecnh\u2026 N\u1ebfu hi v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, th\u00ec trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n h\u1ebft\u201d (I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 15:16-17, 19).<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

Tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n

Trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong b\u1ed1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eebng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, l\u1eafng nghe ph\u00eda ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch quan \u0111i\u1ec3m si\u00eau nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra?<\/p>\n

M\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y, c\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a si\u00eau nhi\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u1ed5 ra. Benedict de Spinoza (1632-77) l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4m tr\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t. Phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng xem \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u2013 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Spinoza v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Jefferson, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1c b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. Jefferson s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u201csi\u00eau nhi\u00ean\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi b\u00e1c b\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a trong vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u00e1c b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Falsification principle<\/p>\n

\u201cNguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9\u201d c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia Antony Flew (1923-?) \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Flew tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 sai. Theo ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4-gic n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.9 D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c: \u201cn\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a anh em c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch\u201d (I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 15:14).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Flew l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. V\u1edbi b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft, m\u1ecdi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u1ebb th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n

Nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

David Hume, tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u201ccha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0i nghi,\u201d \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ho\u00e0i nghi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Hume s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f5a m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.10 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u, l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng trong h\u00f3c n\u00fai nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 bay kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u00f3 tin h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c.
\nC\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u\u201d m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 in ra v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y.
\nC\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y bay, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 bay tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9t b\u1eadt.
\nC\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00eam ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e1c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tung tin r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m tr\u00e1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh th\u00ec \u00edt \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.
\nS\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu hy sinh, th\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin.
\nT\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. Th\u1ef1c ra vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.
\nHume tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u00ean. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 sai. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ph\u1ee5c sinh th\u00f5a m\u00e3n m\u1ecdi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 Hume \u0111\u01b0a ra:<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. H\u01a1n 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa ph\u1ee5c sinh (I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 15:6).
\nC\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 (Lu-ca 5:1-11). Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu thu\u1ebf c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 cao (Ma-thi-\u01a1 9:9). Phao-l\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.
\nC\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ga-ma-li-\u00ean (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5. 22:3), m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ch\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5. 26:24). C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb tr\u00ed nh\u1edb. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u201cl\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00edt h\u1ecdc\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 4:13) \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Do Th\u00e1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.
\nC\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00eam ch\u00ednh. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c.
\nS\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f2n Gi\u0103ng th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o B\u00e1t-m\u00f4.
\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. Ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p th\u00e0nh A-ri-ma-th\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn xem. Phao-l\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vua \u1ea0c-r\u00edp-pa r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c vua bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y n\u00ean t\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n t\u00e2u; b\u1edfi t\u00f4i tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c vua kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, v\u00ec m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5. 26:26).
\nC\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd cho nh\u1eefng ai gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n v\u0169 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Cha y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nh\u00ecn s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng \u0111i. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi khao kh\u00e1t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1eed n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf khoa h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t qu\u00fd c\u00f4 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u00f4i h\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba th\u00e1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4. Tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f4 quay l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p b\u00e1c s\u0129, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i u \u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. \u1ed0ng nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea3n v\u0169 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t n\u1eef b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c con c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Cha thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 s\u1ebd \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi c\u00f4 h\u00e3y ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 y\u00eau c\u00f4. C\u00f4 c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cAnh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00f4 r\u1eb1ng anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i. C\u00f4 k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00f4 \u1ea5y. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f4 n\u00f3i: \u201cAnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i th\u00ec anh m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u.\u201d T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00f4 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh Cha t\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u00f4 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean th\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/p>\n

V\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ef1c ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng minh l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Ludwig Feuerbach v\u00e0 Karl Marx, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Marx l\u00e0: \u201cthu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. Ai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u00ea t\u00edn v\u00e0 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh theo t\u1eebng \u201cgiai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y chia l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Kinh Th\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u201cgiai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean h\u1eadu c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn h\u1eefu Calvin c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong ng\u00e0y nay. Th\u1ef1c ra, theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i s\u1ef1 vinh hi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Rudolf Bultmann, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u1eefa. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00fac \u00e2m. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Bultmann b\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201cHi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u1edd khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac gi\u1eef quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.\u201d11 Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0111i l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng.\u201d Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n v\u0169 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, Bultmann \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00fang ta \u201cl\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i\u201d trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o nghi ng\u1edd. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u00fac \u00e2m; nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Feuerbach v\u00e0 Marx v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Calvin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u \u1edf th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00f4-gic v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m khi Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp nh\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Bultmann kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 \u201cm\u1eaft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 tay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d (I Gi\u0103ng 1:1) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m khoa h\u1ecdc trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Newton t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1eefng \u201cquy lu\u1eadt\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Einstein, nh\u1eefng \u201cquy lu\u1eadt\u201d n\u00e0y \u00edt r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra vi\u1ec7c \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.\u201d12<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1eabn tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng di chuy\u1ec3n \u2013 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t electron hay l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng? M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Nam \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i vui r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 Hai, T\u01b0 v\u00e0 S\u00e1u. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng di chuy\u1ec3n theo d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 Ba, N\u0103m b\u00e0 B\u1ea3y. V\u00e0o Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh Einstein \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2026 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u.\u201d13 M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i b\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/p>\n

Tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n v\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n?<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i sai. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan sau.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t: nh\u1eefng ai ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0u \u201c\u0111\u1ecf.\u201d Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Thomas Sherlock c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0o hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea5m \u00e1p tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1.14 L\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf Houston, Texas, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00e1c b\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh \u00edt c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi si\u00eau nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Hai: c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng song song kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1eaft nhau; nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u1ebd ch\u00fang d\u00e0i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra. V\u1eady h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m phong tr\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u? C\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ecf \u0111i ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i? R\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o l\u1edbn thay th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4-ma \u2013 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u T\u00e2y? C\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng khi phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ebd th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i?<\/p>\n

Ba: c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u1ed0ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, Ian Ramsey, m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ed5 \u00edch gi\u1eefa \u201ctr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 hai\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.15 Trong \u201ctr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean,\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Trong \u201ctr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 hai,\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng chi ph\u1ed1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 khi nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang y\u00eau. Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c h\u01a1n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt phong c\u1ea3nh. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a J. B. Phillip, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay: m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng an khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m v\u00e9 ph\u1ea1t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y m\u00f4-t\u00f4 \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc; m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u1ebft t\u00edch t\u1eeb cha m\u1eb9\u201d l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n l\u00e0 con tr\u1ebb; m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3\u201d \u00edt li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u201chi\u1ec1n d\u1ecbu nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t hay k\u1ebft \u00e1n ch\u00fang ta; v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p,\u201d gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Phillips k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cho l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cC\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf trong th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay sau m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ed1t.\u201d \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u201ct\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u sai b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o. C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p tu\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ly h\u00f4n\u2026. \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u201ccon trai con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi,\u201d v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u2013 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.16<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Th\u1ef1c ra, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1cph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady n\u01a1i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch \u1ea5y. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f9 m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng!\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 9:25).<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1m<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch H\u1ea5p D\u1eabn<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh V\u00e0 Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c Th\u1eddi H\u1eadu Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

Tr\u0103m nghe kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5y. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghe v\u1ec1 \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i,\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m phim \u0111i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. V\u00ec H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist Park Cities t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Dallas n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e1i xe r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u1ec1 khu West End. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam. Nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m phim c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0m phim l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 sao v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc phim g\u00e2y bu\u1ed3n l\u00f2ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng xem. Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu 100 n\u0103m. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ai trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u tin l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u: t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, th\u00ec th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ph\u00fac \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch quan. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. H\u1ecd xem C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n sao Kinh Th\u00e1nh, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn nh\u00fan vai v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u1ebf th\u00ec sao? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd?<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb t\u00e2m tr\u00ed thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

Trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung \u0111\u1ea1i xem Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i chi ph\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. S\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ebd th\u1eadt?<\/p>\n

\u1ede th\u1eddi h\u1eadu Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II khi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n \u01b0u th\u1ebf. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay sai. C\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, d\u00f9 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hay kh\u00f4ng. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng theo. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao?<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng duy nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u2013 l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c linh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft l\u1ebd th\u1eadt. C\u00e1c l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ng\u1eebng lay chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c:<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy l\u00fd Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kinh nghi\u1ec7m
\nL\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u00fd tr\u00ed L\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb gi\u00e1c quan
\nT\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i
\nL\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c quan,
\nqua s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy l\u00fd: ch\u1ec9 tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd<\/p>\n

Rene Descartes (1596-1650) l\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. (C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u201c\u0110\u1ec1-c\u00e1c\u201d trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.) \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00f4-gic t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh l\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00f4-gic trong ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nghi ng\u1edd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00f4-gic v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Descartes \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0: \u00f4ng s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0i nghi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang n\u1eb1m m\u01a1, r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang ch\u1ebft. Th\u1ef1c ra, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang nghi ng\u1edd. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nghi ng\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: cogito, ergo sum (t\u00f4i t\u01b0 duy n\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, Descartes ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o).1 Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m: ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy l\u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u00fd tr\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy l\u00fd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, v\u1eady th\u00ec gi\u00e1c quan c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd? Descartes ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea9m sinh, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kinh nghi\u1ec7m: ch\u1ec9 tin v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m duy l\u00fd d\u1ea5y l\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho tri th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. John Locke (1632-1704) tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea9m sinh (l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Descartes) nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n trong tr\u1eafng (tabula rasa). \u00d4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c suy ngh\u0129.\u201d2 N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

David Hume (1711-1776) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Locke ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. \u00d4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. T\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u1ea5y.3<\/p>\n

Hume \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 bi-a \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 bi-a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 va v\u00e0o t\u00e1m qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eb1m khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u0103n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00fai \u1edf c\u1ea1nh b\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh qu\u1ea3 bi-a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng g\u00e2y cho t\u00e1m qu\u1ea3 bi-a c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c do b\u00e0n bi-a b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang, ho\u1eb7c do nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa qu\u1ea3 bi-a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi t\u00e1m qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, v\u1eady th\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c quan li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Kant: tin \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u1ebd th\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u00edt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra. C\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.4<\/p>\n

Kant \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan cung c\u1ea5p \u2013 bao nhi\u00eau (s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)? lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o (ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)? li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec (li\u00ean quan)? Theo ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c)? T\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n ph\u00edm m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u201ctri th\u1ee9c\u201d thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Kant v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c quan. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau. Tin x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Kant kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong trang s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa, v.v\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1c quan).5 C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m tr\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb gi\u00e1c quan c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0y minh ch\u1ee9ng then ch\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u201cl\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kant cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan, \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201ctri th\u1ee9c.\u201d Khi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n. Khi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Khi l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc qua \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u l\u1ebd th\u1eadt trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 sai.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan. Nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng do gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u0111i so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u00e0n ph\u00edm m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u201c\u0111en,\u201d nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u201cx\u00e1m.\u201d Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u201cbi\u1ebft,\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Trong khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201chi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d (t\u1eeb th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960) tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan, th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201ch\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d (sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960) l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ea7u C\u1ed5ng V\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i San Francisco. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u0103ng ngang qua n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9t G\u00e3y San Andreas. Song \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c then c\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ec1n, khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00fat nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc then c\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201chi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan, r\u00fat t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfc m\u1ed9t. H\u00e3y xem nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u1edd-l\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1o c\u00e1c then \u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1990), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ti\u00ean phong trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.6 Nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c n\u00e0y tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb m\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 \u201cth\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.\u201d \u201cL\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u201d thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o n\u00ean.7<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. L\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng bao nhi\u00eau? L\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eebu tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Theo Nietzsche, m\u1ecdi \u201cl\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u201d ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp thu theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i mang t\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834) tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. V\u1eady theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1ee7 quan.8 \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tin c\u1eady ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, kh\u00e1ch quan. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y xa l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean.9 B\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn Kinh Th\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nghe v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y hay ch\u01b0a, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e1p-t\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ebfm khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan. M\u1ecdi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai. Kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n tin g\u00ec, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 dung th\u1ee9 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d r\u1eb1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u201cc\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng dung th\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft tin t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? Trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ed1t? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u1ea5y b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00fd do<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. V\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u1ecd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m phi l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng sau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ecf cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f4i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan? Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Song ch\u00ednh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung th\u1ee9 cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng dung th\u1ee9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ch quan. V\u00ec m\u1ecdi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f5 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1ch quan n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 n\u1ea1n t\u00e0n s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3?<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tr\u00ean h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t vi-r\u00fat v\u00e0o m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan hay kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 sai tr\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng lao d\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec khi tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tin theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra th\u1edd \u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Th\u1ebf th\u00ec sao? Khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin, khi k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc b\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh khoa h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. D\u00f9 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i M\u1edbi. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi \u201cc\u00e1c l\u1ebd th\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c linh\u201d c\u00e0ng m\u1edbi c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu h\u00fat trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 t\u1ecf v\u1ebb kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u201chi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\u201d Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea1o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c l\u00e0 th\u1eadt; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a tin ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch quan theo Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thu h\u00fat; sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a thu\u1ed9c linh th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat, th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Khi h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eed ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: H\u00e3y nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta n\u00e9m kh\u1ecfi con t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu h\u00fat n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ea7y cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat, li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i di s\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c linh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? Kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1eadu h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, h\u1eadu C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ec1n h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, ti\u1ec1n C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng \u0111em ph\u00fac \u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ct\u1eadn c\u00f9ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu h\u00fat \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4-ma d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Hy-L\u1ea1p th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee3 M\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 hay l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eddi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0i nghi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111em theo ph\u00fac \u00e2m b\u00ean m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd l\u1eafng nghe.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3; \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sang con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Thay v\u00ec l\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd theo nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 t\u1eed, cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01a1n th\u00e2n, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec1n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u0111au. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1edd l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin v\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y trong ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf \u201cl\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u201d nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn tin n\u01a1i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1ebd th\u1eadt l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00edn<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Linh C\u1ea3m<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh V\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 bang Florida v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1950, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Claude Pepper \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Claude Pepper n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafp Washington l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch? \u00d4ng c\u00f9ng ch\u1ecb d\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi em g\u00e1i l\u00e0m di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York. T\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n!\u201d Claude Pepper \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u1eed n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n: Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y? Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng? T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh chung ng\u00e0y nay. Xin h\u00e3y tin t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn qua c\u00e1c trang Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n? Hay ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ebd th\u1eadt mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u sai quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7? V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201cgi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m? L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i?<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh?<\/p>\n

\u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d (Holy Bible) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb Bible b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ed5 Byblos t\u1ea1i Phoenicia, t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i. C\u00e2y c\u00f3i papyrus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n Byblos v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u qua th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u201cgi\u1ea5y\u201d v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb bible c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean l\u00e1 byblos ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y papyrus. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ean \u201ckinh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u00e0\u201d (the bible of home repair) ho\u1eb7c \u201ckinh v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh\u201d (the bible of computing) khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n c\u1ea3m, th\u00ec th\u1ef1c ra t\u1eeb bible trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u1eef ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t quy\u1ec3n Kinh (the Bible) v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d (Holy). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang ra. H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cScriptures\u201d (c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh), t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u201d (script) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n

Phao-l\u00f4 \u201ch\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1ebb b\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giu-\u0111a gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, l\u1ea5y Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 18:28).
\nPhao-l\u00f4 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea r\u1eb1ng: \u201ct\u1eeb khi con c\u00f2n th\u01a1 \u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn con kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ. C\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi soi d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 \u00edch cho s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, b\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch, s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb, d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh.\u201d (II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 3:15-16).
\nPhi-e-r\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t v\u00e0 tin kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft\u201d \u0111\u00e3 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, \u201cc\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i sai v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c, chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 m\u1ea5t ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh.\u201d (II Phi-e-r\u01a1 3:16).
\nKinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cv\u00ec l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 15:6).
\nCh\u00faa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 10:35).
\n\u201cV\u00ec l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 linh nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1eafc h\u01a1n g\u01b0\u01a1m hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u1ea5u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7i chia h\u1ed3n, linh, c\u1ed1t, t\u1ee7y, xem x\u00e9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh trong l\u00f2ng.\u201d (H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 4:12).
\nKinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: \u201cH\u1ebft c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 giao cho ta\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 28:18). Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t S\u00ea-sa, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng, hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i n\u00e0o t\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f3 \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u201d m\u1ecdi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n? Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ban cho ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Kinh Th\u00e1nh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 linh c\u1ea3m (h\u00e0 h\u01a1i v\u00e0o): \u201cC\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi soi d\u1eabn\u201d (II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 3:16). Kinh Th\u00e1nh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Kinh Th\u00e1nh: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri n\u00e0o trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y \u00fd ri\u00eang gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u00fd m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ra, nh\u01b0ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d (II Phi-e-r\u01a1 1:20-21).<\/p>\n

Phao-l\u00f4 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTin l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u; v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc Tin l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ecf ra c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ\u201d (Ga-la-ti 1:11-12). \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4: \u201cCh\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1eady l\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e2u, song c\u1eady s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y.\u201d (I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 2:13).<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u1ecf kh\u00f4, hoa r\u1ee5ng; nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n m\u00e3i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d (\u00ca-sai 40:8).
\nSau khi tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, Phi-e-r\u01a1 th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Tin l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng ra cho anh em.\u201d (I Phi-e-r\u01a1 1:25).
\n\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft: \u201cl\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd qua \u0111i.\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 24:35).
\nKinh Th\u00e1nh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. Kinh Th\u00e1nh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi,\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 linh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sai l\u1ea7m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1ng v\u0103n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft linh c\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh c\u1ea3m \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. V\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh c\u1ea3m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p linh c\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 ba l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean v\u1edbi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh (II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 3:16).<\/p>\n

V\u1eady h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t ba l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh chung ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ecdc Ch\u00e9p. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ban t\u1eebng ch\u1eef trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ra. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1c k\u00fd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n). Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng v\u0103n phong v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi linh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong khi v\u1eabn cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng linh c\u1ea3m t\u1eebng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ban cho h\u1ecd t\u1eebng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, trong khi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 linh c\u1ea3m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eebng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng linh c\u1ea3m l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t? C\u1ea3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eabn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i; \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y); v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 ch\u00ed kim, \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c linh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ba ng\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t; Ch\u00faa \u0111ang t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u1ee7i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u0103n nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tin quy\u1ebft v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, Phi-e-r\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 2). Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho ni\u1ec1m tin C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, \u00ca-ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Israel qua k\u00fd thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 7). Khi Gia-c\u01a1 tranh lu\u1eadn cho vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 15:16-18; A-m\u1ed1t 9:11, 12).<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201cV\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec l\u00eca th\u00e0nh B\u1eb9t-gi\u00ea, c\u1ee9 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh An-ti-\u1ed1t x\u1ee9 Bi-si-\u0111i; r\u1ed3i nh\u1eb1m ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t, v\u00e0o trong nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i. V\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri xong, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i sai s\u1ee9 n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng: H\u1ee1i anh em, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3ng \u0111i.\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 13:14-15). Phao-l\u00f4 li\u1ec1n thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00f4ng (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 13:16-22) v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 13:23-31). Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Thi Thi\u00ean 2:7 (13:33), \u00ca-sai 55:3 (13:34), Thi Thi\u00ean 16:10 (13:35) v\u00e0 Ha-ba-c\u00fac 1:5 (13:41) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ph\u00fac \u00e2m m\u00e0 \u00f4ng rao truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Th\u1ef1c ra, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 t\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 xem Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c sai, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1eadp m\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u00e0 ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf l\u1ebd th\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201clinh c\u1ea3m\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (xem II Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 3:16). V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t).<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp: t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta tin Kinh Th\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang?<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. T\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 g\u00e2y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978, kho\u1ea3ng 300 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 quy t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Chicago \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chung cho thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Chicago v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.\u201d B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Kh\u00f4ng may, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i xung quanh thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Danh s\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tin Kinh Th\u00e1nh hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: \u201cT\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin c\u1eady trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u201d1 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi Clark Pinnock, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n tin v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh.
\nT\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.\u201d2
\nT\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean: \u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u201d3 Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Chicago cho ta m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: \u201cT\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u201d4
\nT\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su: Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o R\u00f4-ma \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o Vatican II: \u201cc\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai s\u00f3t trong l\u1ebd th\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u00e1nh cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.\u201d5
\nT\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.6
\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai s\u00f3t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t.7
\nT\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn hay di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i sai s\u00f3t.8 Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, Lu-ca ghi l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00ca-ti\u00ean trong C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00ca-ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u00ca-ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i sai s\u00f3t.
\nT\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0 Pinnock ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cKh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n.\u201d9 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u00fa th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd.
\nNh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tin Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c:<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu.
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c.
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch trong nh\u1eefng k\u00fd thu\u1eadt song song c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eeb, l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1ed1n g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.\u201d
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian.
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. B\u1ea3ng ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (xem Ma-thi-\u01a1 2:15 v\u00e0 \u00d4-s\u00ea 11:1).
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh (xem Ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n 1:1, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch). (Xem Ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n 30-31).
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.
\nThu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quy n\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n.10
\nM\u01b0\u1eddi hai ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u00ean khi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Suy lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u1edf tr\u00ean, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Chicago th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u201ckh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t.\u201d11<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u1ebfu Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c, th\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt tin r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/p>\n

Harold Lindsell \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c.12 Tuy nhi\u00ean, Lindsell th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u201cd\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t \u00edt kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c trang s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t t\u00edn l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i, linh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c. Kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y.\u201d13<\/p>\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, Origen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Lindsell cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i mang t\u00ednh ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u1ee7a Origen, khi ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 con l\u1eeba m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1eadp gi\u00e1.14 Augustine c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c; nh\u01b0ng theo c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i mang t\u00ednh ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sa-ma-ri nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh, d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p b\u00e1p-t\u00eam v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n tr\u1ecd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.15 R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

T\u00edn l\u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi Francis Turretin, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y. Turretin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Princeton. S\u00e1ch Institutio Theologiae Elencticae c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa ch\u00ednh trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Princeton t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1812 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1872.16<\/p>\n

V\u1eady t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Baptist th\u00ec sao? S\u1eed gia Mark Noll \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00edn l\u00fd Baptist v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n mang t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u2013 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt b\u1edfi v\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta.17 Tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin Baptist vui m\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng xen l\u1eabn sai s\u00f3t\u201d (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t). Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y xem nhanh qua c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in nghi\u00eang trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 k\u00fd 23:19: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7ng h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i.\u201d L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi linh c\u1ea3m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u201cn\u00f3i d\u1ed1i\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u201cn\u00f3i d\u1ed1i\u201d v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.
\nThi Thi\u00ean 12:6: \u201cC\u00e1c l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va l\u00e0 l\u1eddi trong s\u1ea1ch.\u201d T\u1eeb g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 taher, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 nghi l\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Israel. Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c.18 T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 trong tr\u1eafng.
\nThi Thi\u00ean 18:30: \u201cC\u00f2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n; l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n cho s\u1ea1ch.\u201d T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 sarap. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh luy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.19
\nThi Thi\u00ean 19:7: \u201cLu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, b\u1ed5 linh h\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i; S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb ngu d\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4n ngoan.\u201d T\u1eeb \u201ctr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef tamam, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.20 T\u1eeb \u201cch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef aman, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ho\u1eb7c trung t\u00edn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.21 C\u1ea3 hai t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ec7ch.
\nThi Thi\u00ean 119:142: \u201cS\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.\u201d T\u1eeb \u201cch\u00e2n th\u1eadt\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef emet, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ph\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb aman, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Thi Thi\u00ean 19:7 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.
\nGi\u0103ng 10:35: \u201c\u2026 Kinh th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d T\u1eeb \u201cb\u1ecf\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef luthanai, t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Ch\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf22 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c.
\nGi\u0103ng 17:17: \u201cXin Cha l\u1ea5y l\u1ebd th\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd n\u00ean th\u00e1nh; l\u1eddi Cha t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt.\u201d T\u1eeb l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef alatheia. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Hy L\u1ea1p A. T. Robertson \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d v\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi \u201cs\u1ef1 suy \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d23
\nR\u00f4-ma 7:12: \u201c\u1ea4y v\u1eady, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh, c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh.\u201d T\u1eeb \u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef hagios, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang cho Ch\u00faa. Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.
\nII Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 3:15: \u201c\u2026v\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi con c\u00f2n th\u01a1 \u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft Kinh th\u00e1nh.\u201d T\u1eeb \u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef hieros, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.24
\nTrong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u1eady kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi Aristotle (384-322 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean), tri\u1ebft gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy lu\u1eadt logic m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 A l\u00e0 B ho\u1eb7c A kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 B; c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u1ea3y ra. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd m\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai, c\u1ea3 hai m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Quy lu\u1eadt m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y khoa v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 Aristotle h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ba hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t? \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n hay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hay l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed? Trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft gia Aristotle m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ch\u00ednh Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi do l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn Hy L\u1ea1p n\u00eau l\u00ean ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 khi n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi linh c\u1ea3m Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb l\u00fd lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o suy lu\u1eadn theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc cho ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 chi ti\u1ebft cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1eeb trong l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm v\u00e0 \u0111i theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. H\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

V\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh? C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Kinh Th\u00e1nh: l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201clinh c\u1ea3m\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. L\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi linh c\u1ea3m, Kinh Th\u00e1nh gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i h\u00f2a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdn t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u2013 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3!<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa: Ph\u1ea7n M\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u0129 cho Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i Sinh Vi\u00ean Baptist ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o Borneo ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Malaysia \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u1ea1i Singapore \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t t\u00fai v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea7y Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Malay c\u00f3 b\u00eca m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1ea5y t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i n\u1eafng gay g\u1eaft trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf cu\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng. B\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7y ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 trao cho b\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 b\u00eca m\u1ec1m. Tay b\u00e0 run run \u00e1p quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0o ng\u1ef1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i m\u00e1. T\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ee5i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng li\u1ec7u b\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd \u00edt \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m, r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p th\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0i nghi. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi \u1ea5y, u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (R\u00f4-ma 8:29).<\/p>\n

V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh? Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem qua nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u201cb\u1ed9 m\u00f4n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t\u201d (general hermeneutics).1 Hermes l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a tin trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p; do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201chermeneutics\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i. Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u1ea5y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ba cam k\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tri th\u1ee9c hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

G\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Phao-l\u00f4 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1ea1i C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 coi s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u1ed3 d\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u201d (I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 2:14).<\/p>\n

Phao-l\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a theo \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Phao-l\u00f4 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201cch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201chi\u1ec3u\u201d nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed9c linh t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed9c linh \u0111\u00f3. L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tin \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng theo \u201cquy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh\u201d. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u201cquy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh\u201d \u1ea5y n\u00f3i g\u00ec. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng khi t\u00f4i ch\u1ebft t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Baptist \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Houston, Texas \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean xe bu\u00fdt. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt c\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd s\u01a1n t\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a xe v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00ean chi\u1ebfc xe \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1973, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f5 c\u1eeda c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Em trai t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng cha c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i nghe v\u1ec1 ph\u00fac \u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong l\u1edbp c\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. S\u00e1u th\u00e1ng sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi em c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u00e1p-t\u00eam. Em c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh First Baptist t\u1ea1i Gainesville, Texas.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng theo \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a?<\/p>\n

S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9<\/p>\n

Phao-l\u00f4 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5: \u201cH\u00e3y ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng ta \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d (I Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 4:13). T\u1eeb \u201cch\u0103m ch\u1ec9\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.2 C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00e0ng g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cH\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.\u201d T\u00f4i lu\u00f4n h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i th\u00edch l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i An-ti-\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 l\u1eafm. Theo Phao-l\u00f4, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh: \u201cH\u1ee1i anh em, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh em nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00eang li\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1ecf trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u1eady. T\u00f4i l\u1ea5y s\u1eefa nu\u00f4i anh em, ch\u1edb ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n c\u1ee9ng, v\u00ec anh em kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i; \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec anh em h\u00e3y c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt\u201d (I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 3:1-3). S\u1eefa l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng may, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1ebd th\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c linh theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ti\u00eau h\u00f3a s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc v\u00ec mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1ea1i C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh thay cho m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u1ee5c s\u01b0. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n; t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh; cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1eafng nghe m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai, Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Kinh Ti\u1ebft S\u00e1ch D\u1eabn, t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao c\u00f3 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t. H\u00e3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

V\u00e2ng theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu ai kh\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, th\u00ec s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd ta c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, hay l\u00e0 ta n\u00f3i theo \u00fd ta\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 7:17). S\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi TR\u1edcI. \u0110\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n ban cho ch\u00fang ta b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Gi\u00f4-\u0111anh ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ng\u0103n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng (Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea 3:15-16).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1edf l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, h\u00e3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u00e2ng theo \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y cho Cha thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t t\u1edd ng\u00e2n phi\u1ebfu tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng theo. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha n\u00e0o d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9a con kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

Khi h\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng song song kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd giao nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y trong m\u00f4n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. M\u1ecdi tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

Martin Luther v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1ea5y. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u2013 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u1edd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh, tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thay th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ.\u201d3 Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi Gi\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (Gi\u0103ng 20:30-31). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, n\u01a1i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn (xem Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:17).<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean l\u1ebd th\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean to\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, d\u1ea1y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 vi ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00edch ph\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i t\u1eebng ch\u00fat m\u1ed9t cho ch\u00fang ta. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. H\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, th\u00ec lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (Ma-thi-\u01a1 19:16-19).<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc th\u00ec lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, theo nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem, quy lu\u1eadt \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 15:28-29; c\u0169ng xem trong 10:9 \u2013 11:18; Ga-la-ti 2:11-14). Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe thu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng khi ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i cho ch\u00ednh Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a cho Kinh Th\u00e1nh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh c\u1ea3m, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. V\u1eady c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd so s\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a l\u1ebd th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ph\u00e1n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ebfn theo ta m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 con, anh em, ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 ta.\u201d (Lu-ca 14:26).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh? Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u00fac \u00e2m Ma-thi-\u01a1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cAi y\u00eau cha m\u1eb9 h\u01a1n ta th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho ta; ai y\u00eau con trai hay l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i h\u01a1n ta th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho ta\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 10:37). C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Lu-ca c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u201cgh\u00e9t\u201d gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh (xem I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 9:5; I Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 5:8; \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 5:25). Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00edn l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cng\u00e0n n\u0103m b\u00ecnh an,\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 20:1-6. \u0110\u00e2y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u00e1m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tin v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t ra. D\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0n n\u0103m b\u00ecnh an, th\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1eabn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nghi v\u1ea5n. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 d\u00e0nh cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4: \u201cN\u1ebfu k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec sao h\u1ecd v\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p b\u00e1p-t\u00eam?\u201d (I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 15:29). Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u201cb\u00e1p-t\u00eam cho k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft.\u201d \u0110\u1eebng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Khi b\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1eeb l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ngcho m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau sau nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd th\u1eadt xuy\u00ean th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd th\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho ri\u00eang th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc; lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c linh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n thu\u1ed9c linh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y n\u00ean l\u00e0m theo \u0111\u00fang theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 C\u1ef1u l\u1eabn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 19 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh S\u00f4-\u0111\u00f4m \u0111\u00f2i \u201cnh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\u201d nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch l\u00e0 thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m L\u00f3t (19:5), v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi gi\u00e1ng tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh, hay l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh.
\nL\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd 18:22 v\u00e0 L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd 20:13 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh.
\nPh\u1ee5c Truy\u1ec1n Lu\u1eadt L\u1ec7 K\u00fd 23:17-18 c\u1ea5m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 d\u00e2m \u00f4, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nam hay n\u1eef.
\nR\u00f4-ma 1:26-27 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea1m s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5.\u201d
\nI C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 6:9-10 v\u00e0 I Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea 1:8-11\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n m\u00e3i d\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o.
\nH\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ed5 x\u00fay cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o thu\u1ed9c linh ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: khi Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, n\u1ebfu hai m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai. L\u1ebd th\u1eadt thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb suy lu\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua hai m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1eabn nhau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed, li\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n? Ho\u1eb7c, n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a?<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Kinh Th\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u1eb7p nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u: \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i, theo nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh; nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3n Ng\u00e0i.\u201d (Lu-ca 22:22).<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn:<\/p>\n

Tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kinh Th\u00e1nh.
\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc.
\nD\u00f9ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0:
\nDi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a l\u1ebd th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.
\nKh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00edn l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh duy nh\u1ea5t.
\nNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u00e0i h\u01a1n.
\nNh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.
\nN\u1ebfu hai m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai.
\nNh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ai l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ai l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec t\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi gian vi\u1ebft n\u00ean quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u1eafng nghe t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y b\u00ean n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng l\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u00ean kia n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i sai \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n cho b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn h\u1eefu hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Phi-l\u00edp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m vui. Phao-l\u00f4 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta: \u201cH\u00e3y vui m\u1eebng trong Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u201d (Phi-l\u00edp 4:4). Ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi vi\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i Phi-l\u00edp l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00edch l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ebft b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Phi-l\u00edp l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Phao-l\u00f4 b\u1ecb giam trong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Th\u1ef1c ra, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Si-la \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eef d\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb giam v\u00e0o ng\u1ee5c (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 16:16-24). Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ecb s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb giam trong m\u1ed9t ng\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea1i R\u00f4-ma. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha hay \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ebft b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb ng\u1ee5c giam hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i m\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb giam, d\u00f9 v\u1eady Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf b\u00e0y ni\u1ec1m vui trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ.<\/p>\n

\u201cNi\u1ec1m vui trong nh\u00e0 giam\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho th\u01b0 t\u00edn n\u00e0y. Bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn th\u01b0 t\u00edn n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn?<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai theo sau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y cho ai? \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa hay kh\u00f4ng tin Ch\u00faa? B\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u1edb hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n? M\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao Ma-thi-\u01a1 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Kinh Th\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00e1c? B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea1i sao M\u00e1c l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i (M\u00e1c 7:2-4; 15:42) v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng A-ram (3:17; 5:41; v.v\u2026)? B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea1i R\u00f4-ma.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao Lu-ca l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef y h\u1ecdc trong s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh? B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 (C\u00f4-l\u00f4-se 4:14). T\u1ea1i sao Gi\u0103ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1eaft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eafm v\u00e0 tay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1edd, v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d (I Gi\u0103ng 1:1)? B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eebng l\u1eddi t\u1eebng ch\u1eef m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1c b\u1ecf Thuy\u1ebft Ng\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ch\u1edbm n\u1edf, m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Hy L\u1ea1p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd. Khi b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu Phi-l\u00edp l\u00fac h\u1ecd l\u1eafng nghe b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o th\u00fac \u00e9p th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 g\u1eedi b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 hay m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec b\u1ea3n v\u0103n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u0103ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac \u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa J\u00easus \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 Ng\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e9p trong s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa J\u00easus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i tin, th\u00ec nh\u1edd danh Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 20:30-31).<\/p>\n

Gi\u0103ng mu\u1ed1n d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tin \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u201cnh\u1edd danh Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.\u201d Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea7n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Lu-ca ghi r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (Lu-ca 1:1-4), nh\u01b0ng Gi\u0103ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Khi b\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn l\u01b0\u1edbt qua to\u00e0n quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd hay. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u00e0 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. H\u00e3y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 ch\u00ed kim, Kinh Th\u00e1nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, th\u01a1 ca, th\u01b0 t\u00edn, ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n, v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u01a1 v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o. Khi Robert Frost n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cHai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebd ra trong m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng c\u00e2y v\u00e0ng l\u00e1,\u201d4 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem qua nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd, Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 k\u00fd 1-19, D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 k\u00fd cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u00ca-x\u01a1-t\u00ea, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3. Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m linh trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ng\u00e0y Ph\u1ee5c Sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 k\u00fd 20-40 v\u00e0 L\u00ea-vi k\u00fd. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch Gi\u00f3p \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ch Nh\u00e3 Ca, v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Thi Thi\u00ean h\u1ee9a r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u01a1i; \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng che \u1edf b\u00ean h\u1eefu ng\u01b0\u01a1i; M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00fac ban ng\u00e0y, M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u01a1i trong ban \u0111\u00eam\u201d (Thi Thi\u00ean 121:5-6). B\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb n\u1eafng ch\u00e1y hay ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u01a1 v\u0103n theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c linh m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0 t\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (xem Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi 29), v\u00e0 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc t\u1eeb R\u00f4-ma \u0111\u1ebfn Giu-\u0111e v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 2-3. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y theo \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf g\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Xa-cha-ri, \u00ca-x\u00ea-chi-\u00ean, \u0110a-ni-\u00ean, Ma-thi-\u01a1 24-25, M\u00e1c 13 v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n. Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1eady. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u00e0 Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch Th\u00edch H\u1ee3p Cho Ch\u00fang Ta<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa: Ph\u1ea7n Hai<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111ang nh\u00ecn quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 s\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t b\u1edfi h\u1ed9i Gideon t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec3u H\u1ecdc James Butler Bonham \u1edf Houston, Texas v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1969. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean trang gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u mang n\u00f3 theo b\u00ean m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 trong t\u00fai sau c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n Jeans, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb nh\u00e0u r\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, t\u00f4i m\u1edf ra trang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n gia ph\u1ea3. Sau ba hay b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u1eeba sai. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa trong l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.1<\/p>\n

Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m: T\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?
\nV\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ea3n v\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?
\nV\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc: B\u1ea3n v\u0103n mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ebd th\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c linh g\u00ec?
\nV\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: B\u1ea3n v\u0103n mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4i?
\nC\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist tin r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i cho ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay. Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e1c \u201cta-l\u00e2ng\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 25:14-30). Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1eeb ta-l\u00e2ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. Trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 (tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4-la ng\u00e0y nay). Ch\u00fang ta di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i sai c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00e2n t\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c linh m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James k\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Xa-ch\u00ea mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn xem \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u201cnh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1eafm, m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p\u201d (Lu-ca 19:3). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafm ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u1ea5p n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 nh\u00ecn qua nh\u1eefng ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u0111ang ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ri-c\u00f4. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d (trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201cpress\u201d, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed) trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y l\u00fac b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch th\u00ec mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Lu-ca \u0111ang l\u00ean \u00e1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef? H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi n\u0103m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, h\u00e3y tra m\u1ecdi t\u1eeb ng\u1eef t\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. H\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng theo nh\u01b0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u xung quanh thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong l\u1eddi C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n M\u1eabu (Ma-thi-\u01a1 6:10). \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn; \u00dd Cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi.\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su d\u00f9ng ph\u00e9p quan h\u1ec7 song song, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 hai l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a cho c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c\u201d l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a cho thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kinh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t t\u1eeb \u201cph\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201cbless\u201d) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0nh (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:3-11). T\u1eeb ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1eef blis trong ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ed5, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vui m\u1eebng. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1eef blod, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 huy\u1ebft hy sinh. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cph\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf l\u1ec5. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1eef benedicere, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb Latin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0nh l\u00fac c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u201cph\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d nh\u01b0 trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 makarios. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u1edbc trong ti\u1ebfng Anh. Makarios di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khi \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u1edbc trong ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0o, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u1edbc trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n. N\u00ean xin \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Kinh Ti\u1ebft S\u00e1ch D\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho Kinh Th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng trong ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u0103n d\u1eb7n ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ai g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u00ean\u201d th\u00ec b\u1ecb nguy hi\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cl\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:22). T\u1ea1i sao? B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u00ean\u201d trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cn\u00f3i trong l\u00f2ng r\u1eb1ng: ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d (Thi Thi\u00ean 14:1). G\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u00ean\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vu kh\u1ed1ng cho nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y? \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta: \u201cn\u1ebfu ai mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111i m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y \u0111i hai d\u1eb7m v\u1edbi h\u1ecd\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:41). C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y xe \u0111\u1ea1p tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n?<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra, Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba-t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4-ma k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00e9p ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eang binh kh\u00ed cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang gi\u00fap binh kh\u00ed r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ph\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c con, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c con n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f9ng b\u00e1o tr\u1ea3 vu kh\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng vu kh\u1ed1ng, b\u00e1o tr\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed con h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y.2<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, Kinh Ti\u1ebft S\u00e1ch D\u1eabn, b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0, v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n ph\u1ea1m<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1, A-ram, ho\u1eb7c Hy L\u1ea1p s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra cho ch\u00fang ta. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1, h\u00e3y xem S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u00fd 3:12: \u201cTh\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n b\u00ean t\u00f4i cho t\u00f4i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n r\u1ed3i.\u201d A-\u0111am \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho ai \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef hay l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u1ea5y? Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch theo t\u1eebng ch\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \/ ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \/ v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i \/ v\u1edbi t\u00f4i \/ Ng\u00e0i ban \/ ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \/ c\u00e1i c\u00e2y \/ c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a cho \/ c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \/ v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \/ \u0103n.\u201d Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1, khi t\u1eeb \u201cc\u00f4 \u1ea5y\u201d l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. A-\u0111am \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t l\u00ean b\u00e0 \u00ca-va v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kinh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 vi\u1ebft ra.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 I Gi\u0103ng 3:9. B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James d\u1ecbch c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \u201cAi sanh b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, v\u00ec h\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 sanh b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng). Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi ng\u1edd khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u201c\u0111\u00e3 sanh ra b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi,\u201d ch\u00fang ta \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i\u201d. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 Cha ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n NIV \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch: \u201cAi do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi sinh ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, v\u00ec m\u1ea7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi sinh ra\u201d (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch 2011). C\u00fa ph\u00e1p khi\u1ebfn cho \u00fd ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Ma-thi-\u01a1 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan trong trong th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh h\u1ecda s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00ed ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2y nho th\u1eadt\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 15:1), r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: \u201cC\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vinh quang \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t d\u00e2n Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean, kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1m l\u1eeda h\u1eebng\u201d (Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 k\u00fd 24:17) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh. Ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh, l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean r\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su: \u201cV\u1eady n\u1ebfu con m\u1eaft b\u00ean h\u1eefu xui cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, th\u00ec h\u00e3y m\u00f3c m\u00e0 qu\u0103ng n\u00f3 cho xa ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111i\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:29), \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su!<\/p>\n

Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n xung quanh b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng chung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n xung quanh ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?
\nPh\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3?
\nPh\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hay c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy t\u1eafc? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu trong ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh.
\nNh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta: \u201cC\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e9t ai, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e9t\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 7:1), Ng\u00e0i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ng\u00e0i. M\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn n\u00e0o. I C\u00e1c vua 11:3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 700 v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 l\u1ed7i \u00fd ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho Kinh Th\u00e1nh, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft \u0111a th\u00ea c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1: Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 700 v\u1ee3, v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee3? Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u00ean c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1, r\u1eb1ng A-na-nia v\u00e0 Sa-phi-ra \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh L\u00edt-tr\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 Phao-l\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft. Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh xung quanh. \u0110i t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh khi b\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u1ea5y. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft n\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed1t, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00eda sau quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y xem Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi 13:1-5:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va ph\u00e1n c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: H\u00e3y \u0111i, mua cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111ai gai, th\u1eaft v\u00e0o l\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u01a1i; nh\u01b0ng ch\u1edb d\u1ea7m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eady t\u00f4i theo l\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va, mua \u0111ai, th\u1eaft v\u00e0o l\u01b0ng t\u00f4i. L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va truy\u1ec1n cho t\u00f4i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111ai ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eaft tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u01a1i; ch\u1edd d\u1eady, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd s\u00f4ng \u01a0-ph\u01a1-r\u00e1t, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5u n\u00f3 trong k\u1ebd v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i b\u00e8n \u0111i gi\u1ea5u n\u00f3 n\u01a1i b\u1edd s\u00f4ng \u01a0-ph\u01a1-r\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n d\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng \u01a0-ph\u01a1-r\u00e1t c\u00e1ch xa 650 km t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i v\u00e0 gian nan th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hy sinh khi \u00f4ng v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Lu-ca 2:4: \u201cV\u00ec Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i nh\u00e0 \u0110a-v\u00edt, cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh Na-xa-r\u00e9t, x\u1ee9 Ga-li-l\u00ea, l\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u0110a-v\u00edt, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ebft-l\u00ea-hem, x\u1ee9 Giu-\u0111\u00ea.\u201d H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 150 km v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 thai\u201d c\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t con l\u1eeba (Lu-ca 2:5). \u0110\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1ea1i B\u1ebft-l\u00ea-hem (Mi-ch\u00ea 5:2) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hy sinh. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, x\u1ee9 Giu-\u0111\u00ea cao h\u01a1n x\u1ee9 Ga-li-l\u00ea, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u201cl\u00ean.\u201d Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i \u201cl\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc (theo c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng b\u00e0 \u0111i \u201cl\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho b\u1ea3n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 phong t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf cho b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Trong Ma-thi-\u01a1 27:34 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y: \u201ch\u1ecd cho Ng\u00e0i u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1eafng; song Ng\u00e0i n\u1ebfm, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1ng.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean, Gi\u0103ng 19:28-30 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng hai k\u00fd thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau?<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1. Th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 Ma-thi-\u01a1 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u00ea th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e1u gi\u1edd, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u1ea7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u gi\u1ea5m nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ea9m m\u00f4i Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, h\u00e3y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng nghi th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tu\u00e2n theo trong th\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 Sa-ma-ri t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Si-kha \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn b\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kinh ng\u1ea1c: \u201c\u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giu-\u0111a, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i xin u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 Sa-ma-ri sao?\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 4:9). C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf khi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giu-\u0111a r\u1ea5t gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sa-ma-ri, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ra-bi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giu-\u0111a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y khi ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thu ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 Sa-ma-ri. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, h\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 h\u00e0m \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su trong Lu-ca 11 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 xin b\u00e1nh v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a anh ta v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng khu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i t\u00f4i, c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1ed3i, con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u00e1nh cho anh\u201d (Lu-ca 11:7).<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u1eafng nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gian ph\u00f2ng. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba ph\u00eda trong c\u1ee7a c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng cao l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u1ee7. Hai ph\u1ea7n ba ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c con v\u1eadt s\u1ebd ng\u1ee7 qua \u0111\u00eam. C\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a l\u1ea1i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1nh \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i kh\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng b\u00e1nh \u0103n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00f5 c\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u00fac v\u1eadt, khi\u1ebfn cho kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u00e1nh m\u00e0 anh ta c\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i: N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Sa-ma-ri nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khen. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sa-ma-ri gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giu-\u0111a \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng sau khi th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giu-\u0111a v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00ea-vi kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng sau khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 k\u00fd ban ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft. Khi ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn s\u1ebd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 khi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00fd thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 d\u00e0nh cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3, khi \u1ea5y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 ba trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c Kinh Ti\u1ebft S\u00e1ch D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u1ec9 h\u00e3y n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan cho s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t L\u1edbp H\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u00e0nh cho Qu\u00fd \u00d4ng t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng Th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn Gia-c\u01a1 3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi: \u201cGia-c\u01a1 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea r\u00f5. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tra xem nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea tra trong ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i (Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4-k\u00fd 20:16); l\u1eddi n\u00f3i b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i (Thi Thi\u00ean 62:4); kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (L\u00ea-vi k\u00fd 5:1); v\u00e0 n\u00f3i h\u00e0nh (\u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 4:31; T\u00edt 3:1-2; I Phi-e-r\u01a1 2:1). L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh tham kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong Gia-c\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc chung<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. H\u00e3y xem ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi
\nCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi
\nS\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi
\nT\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i
\nS\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i
\nS\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n
\nT\u01b0\u01a1ng lai
\nNh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n? Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 R\u00f4-ma 12:1-2:<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, h\u1ee1i anh em, t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi khuy\u00ean anh em d\u00e2ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a anh em. \u0110\u1eebng l\u00e0m theo \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed cho bi\u1ebft \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u201cv\u1eady\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? Ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 R\u00f4-ma 11:33-36 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 Phao-l\u00f4 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i: \u201cd\u00e2ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng.\u201d Trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau. Ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m linh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng linh h\u1ed3n kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y Phao-l\u00f4 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y d\u00e2ng \u201cth\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u201d cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u00e0y Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111i\u1ec1u Phao-l\u00f4 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Phao-l\u00f4 n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi? R\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i. Phao-l\u00f4 n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa. Phao-l\u00f4 n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y? R\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Phao-l\u00f4 n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng thu\u1ed9c linh? R\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m m\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Phao-l\u00f4 n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi? R\u1eb1ng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn cho nh\u1eefng ai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 qua vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/p>\n

L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, Kinh Th\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm v\u00e0 \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t n\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, h\u00e3y ghi l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0, l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. Khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1eefa ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ba l\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh mu\u1ed1n cho \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, h\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Phao-l\u00f4 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta \u201cd\u00e2ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng\u201d, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng cho Ng\u00e0i? H\u00e3y khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung khi b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng), ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ri-c\u00f4 trong s\u00e1ch Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea 6). Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eebng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy t\u1eafc cho ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m theo.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ri-c\u00f4 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: \u201cH\u00e3y l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i h\u00f4n th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00e0o nhau\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c th\u01a1 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 (R\u00f4-ma 16:16; I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 16:20; II C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 13:12; xem I T\u00ea-sa-l\u00f4-ni-ca 5:26). \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 Phao-l\u00f4 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n n\u00ean ch\u00e0o nhau v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, c\u00e1i b\u1eaft tay, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. \u00c1p-ra-ham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh d\u00e2ng Y-s\u00e1c tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd (S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf k\u00fd 22). M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en cho c\u00e1c \u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u1eddi nay. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u2013 l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 d\u00e2ng con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 ra \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n. Khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Khi ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u00ec l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 linh nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1eafc h\u01a1n g\u01b0\u01a1m hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u1ea5u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7i chia h\u1ed3n, linh, c\u1ed1t, t\u1ee7y, xem x\u00e9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh trong l\u00f2ng\u201d (H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 4:12).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa; ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tan v\u1ee1 tr\u00ean l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. L\u1ea7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u2013 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u00ednh chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

NOTES<\/p>\n

Chapter One Notes<\/p>\n

Article 1, The Baptist Faith and Message,
\nAll references to The Baptist Faith and Message are to the 1963 edition.
\nUnless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations in this book are from The Holy Bible, New International Version (North American Edition), copyright \u00a91973, 1978, 1984 by the International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House.
\nWalter B. Shurden, The Baptist Identity: Four Fragile Freedoms (Macon, Georgia: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1993), 11-20.
\nPreamble, The Baptist Faith and Message, Quoted from the 1925 statement.
\nQuoted in Shurden, The Baptist Identity: Four Fragile Freedoms, 15-16, citing J. McGlothlin, Baptist Confessions of Faith (Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1911).
\nShurden, The Baptist Identity: Four Fragile Freedoms,
\nShurden, The Baptist Identity: Four Fragile Freedoms, 18, citing William Bullein Johnson, The Gospel Developed Through The Government and Order of the Churches of Jesus Christ (Richmond: H. K. Ellyson, 1846), 16.
\nShurden, The Baptist Identity: Four Fragile Freedoms, 18, citing G. Keith Parker, Baptists in Europe: History and Confessions of Faith (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1982), 280.
\nHugh Wamble, \u201cBaptists, the Bible, and Authority,\u201d Proclaiming the Baptist Vision: The Bible, Walter B. Shurden (Macon, Georgia: Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Inc., 1994), 139-161.
\nArticle I, The Baptist Faith and Message,
\nWamble in Shurden, Proclaiming the Baptist Vision: The Bible, 152-153.
\nWamble in Shurden, Proclaiming the Baptist Vision: The Bible,
\nWamble in Shurden, Proclaiming the Baptist Vision: The Bible,
\nWamble in Shurden, Proclaiming the Baptist Vision: The Bible,
\nWamble in Shurden, Proclaiming the Baptist Vision: The Bible,
\nWamble in Shurden, Proclaiming the Baptist Vision: The Bible, 154-155.
\nWamble in Shurden, Proclaiming the Baptist Vision: The Bible, 154.
\nEdgar Young Mullins, The Christian Religion In Its Doctrinal Expression (Nashville: Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, 1941 [1917]), 153.
\nT. Conner, Christian Doctrine (Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 1937), 41-42.
\nMillard J. Erickson, Christian Theology (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1994), 257.
\nStanley Gratz, Theology for the Community of God (Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 1994), 22.
\nRussell H. Dilday, Jr., The Doctrine of Biblical Authority (Nashville: Convention Press, 1982), 12.<\/p>\n

Chapter Two Notes<\/p>\n

Cyprian, On the Unity of the Church, chapter 6.
\nThomas, Summa Theologiae Q1.8.
\nThomas did allow for allegorical (spiritualizing) in interpreting the Bible, but only when these principles were grounded in the intended meaning of the biblical author, as follows: \u201cThat first meaning whereby words signify things belongs to the first sense the historical or literal, That meaning whereby things signified by words have themselves also a meaning is called the spiritual sense, which is based on the literal, and presupposes it\u201d (Summa Q1.10).
\nThe First Epistle of Clement 12 (Ante-Nicene Fathers 1:8).
\nJustin, Dialogue with Trypho 42 (Ante-Nicene Fathers 1:215-6).
\nClement of Alexandria, The Instructor I1:4 (Ante-Nicene Fathers 2:248).
\nOrigen\u2019s Commentary on John, X:18 (Ante-Nicene Fathers 10:396-9).
\nJohn P. Newport and William Cannon, Why Christians Fight Over the Bible (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1974), 163-164.
\nMartin Luther, Luther\u2019s Works, Helmut T. Lehmann (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1967), 37:76.
\nLetters of Martin Luther, and ed. Margaret A. Currie (London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 1908), 93; Table Talk, trans. and ed. Theodore G. Tappers (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1967), 346-347.
\nInstitutes vi.1.
\nInstitutes vi.2.<\/p>\n

Chapter Three Notes<\/p>\n

See also Craig Blomberg, The Historical Reliability of the Gospels (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1987), 193.<\/p>\n

Chapter Four Notes<\/p>\n

Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code (New York: Doubleday, 2003), 231 (italics his).
\nBrown, 1.
\nWilliam Barclay, A Spiritual Autobiography (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1975), 90.
\nSee \u201cText, NT,\u201d The Interpreter\u2019s Dictionary of the Bible (New York: Abingdon Press, 1962), 4:595.
\nThis section follows closely the authoritative work of Bruce M. Metzger, The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 186-206.
\nErnst Wurthwein, The Text of the Old Testament, 4th ed., trans. Erroll F. Rhodes (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1992 [19791), 116-119.
\nMetzger, 207-246.
\nThe Latin for Estienne\u2019s last name is Stephanus, by which he sometimes is also known.
\n\u201cText, NT,\u201d The Interpreter\u2019s Dictionary of the Bible, 4:600-601.
\nMetzger, The Text of the New Testament,
\nSee Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, 2d ed. (New York: United Bible Societies, 2002), 102-106.
\nF. Bruce, The New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable? Sth rev. ed. (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1977 [revised 1960; original 1943]), 19-20.
\nFrederic Kenyon, The Bible and Archaeology (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1940), 288-289; quoted by Bruce, New Testament Documents, Italics in quoted text.
\nBrown, 231.<\/p>\n

Chapter Five Notes<\/p>\n

James Allan Francis, \u201cOne Solitary \u201c
\nSources: James D. G. Dunn, The Evidence Pr Jesus (Louisville, Kentucky: The Westminster Press, 1985); R. T. France, The Evidence for Jesus (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity, 1986); Gary R. Habermas, The Verdict of History: Conclusive Evidence for the Life of Jesus (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1988).
\nFrance, Evidence,
\nPliny the Younger, Letters 96-97.
\nSources include Jeffrey L. Sheler, Is the Bible True? (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1999); and John Arthur Thompson, ed., The Bible and Archaeology, (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1982 f original edition 1972]).
\nSheler, Is the Bible True?, 59-62,
\nSheler, Is the Bible True?,
\nThompson, The Bible and Archaeology (1972),
\nThompson, The Bible and Archaeology (1972), 157-161.
\nThompson, The Bible and Archaeology (1972),
\nThompson, The Bible and Archaeology (1972), 286.
\nSheler, Is the Bible True?, 110-111.
\nThompson, The Bible and Archaeology (1972),
\nThompson, The Bible and Archaeology (1972),
\nThis discussion follows the treatment by Josh McDowell, The New Evidence that Demands a Verdict (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1999), 167-194. McDowell\u2019s discussion is helpful in that it depends heavily on Jewish interpretation of the Old Testament sources cited.<\/p>\n

Chapter Six Notes<\/p>\n

F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture (Downers Grove, Illinois: InrerVarsity, 1988), 17.
\nDan Brown, The Da Vinci Code (New York: Doubleday, 2003), 234 (italics in original).
\nFlavius Josephus Against Apion 1:8. Josephus\u2019s arrangement is different from the more common twenty-four, but it includes all the books of the Hebrew Bible. In Josepbus: Complete Works, William Whiston (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Kregel Publications, 1978 [1960]).
\nThe First Apology of Justin, ch, 67, in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, ed, Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, rev. A. Cleveland Coxe, 1:186 (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, repr. 1989).
\nPapias, Fragments of the Exposition of the Oracles of the Lord,
\nSee \u201cCanon of the New Testament,\u201d The Interpreter\u2019s Dictionary of the Bible (Nashville, Tennessee: Abingdon Press, 1976), Supplement, and \u201cCanon of the New Testament, The Interpreter\u2019s Dictionary of the Bible (New York: Abingdon Press, 1962), vol. I.
\nAthanasius, A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, repr. 1991), 4:552.
\nF. Bruce, The New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable? 5th ed. (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity, 1977), 27.
\nWilliam Barclay, The Making of the Bible (London: Lutterworth Press, 1961),
\nBarclay, The Making of the Bible,<\/p>\n

Chapter Seven notes<\/p>\n

Thomas Jefferson, \u2018The Jefferson Bible (Boston: Beacon Press, 1989),
\nJefferson, 11,
\nJefferson, 30.
\nJefferson, 147.
\nS. Lewis, Miracles: A Preliminary Study (New York: Macmillan, 1947), 10,
\nLewis, Miracles,
\nNorman Geisler and Ron Brooks, When Skeptics Ask\u2019 A Handbook of Christian Evidences (Wheaton, Illinois: Victor Books, 1990), 88.
\nColin Brown, Miracles and the Critical Mind (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1984), 4. Brown\u2019s defense of miracles stands with C. S. Lewis\u2019s Miracles as perhaps the finest on our subject available today.
\nAntony Flew, \u201cTheology and Falsification\u2019 in The Existence of God, John Hick (New York: Macmillan, 1964), 224-228.
\nSee David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (LaSalle, Illinois: Open Court, 1966 [1907]), 128-129.
\nRudolf Bultmann, \u201cNew Testament and Mythology,\u201d in Kerygma and Myth, Hans Werner Bartsch (New York: Harper and Row, 1961), 4.
\nF. Torrance, \u201cThe Church in the New Era of Scientific and Cosmological Change,\u201d Theology in Reconstruction (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975), 270. See also his Preaching Christ Today: The Gospel and Scientific Thinking (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994), 61-63.
\nAlbert Einstein, quoted by Stanley L. Jaki, \u201cTheological Aspects of Creative Science,\u201d Creation, Christ and Culture-Studies in Honor of T F. Torrance, Richard W. A. McKinney (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1976), 164.
\nCited in Brown, Miracles of the Modern Mind, 57-58.
\nCited in Brown, Miracles of the Modern Mind, 183-188.
\nB. Phillips, Your God Is Too Small (New York: Macmillan, 1972 [1961]), 123-124 (italics in original).<\/p>\n

Chapter Eight Notes<\/p>\n

Discourse on Method, part 4.
\nEssay Concerning Human Understanding 1.2.
\nSee An Enquire Concerning Human Understanding (La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1967), 49, 84.
\nSee Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics (Indianapolis, Indiana: The Library of Liberal Arts, 1950 [1783]), 5-12.
\nSee Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, H. J. Paton (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1967), 126-127,
\nStanley Grenz, A Primer on Postmodernism (Grand Rapids: Eerdrmans, 1986), 88.
\nSee Friedrich Nietzsche, The Genealogy of Morals, F. Golffing (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956), 255; 209-10; ikyond Good and Evil, trans. M.Cowan (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1955), 18-19,100-101.
\nFriedrich Schleiermacher, The Christian Faith, H. R. Mackintosh and J. S. Stewart (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1976), 131,
\nPhilosophers and other scholars who have written in this area include Wilhelm Dithey (1833-1911); Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002); Ludwig Wittgenstein (1899-1951); Michel Foncal (1926-84); Jaques Derrida (born 1930); and Richard Roty (born 1931).<\/p>\n

Chapter Nine Notes<\/p>\n

Clark Pinnock, The Scripture Principle (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1984), 78.
\nRobert Preus, \u201cThe Inerrancy of Scripture,\u201d The Proceedings of the Conference on Biblical Inerrancy 1987 (Nashville: Broadrnan Press), 49.
\nPreus, 49.
\n\u201cChicago Statement on Biblical inerrancy,\u201d Exposition C: Infallibility, Inerrancy, Interpretation.
\nDei Verhurn, III, art. 11.
\nRobert J. Coleman, \u201cReconsidering \u2018Limited Inerrancy,\u201d in Evangelicals and Inerrancy, Ronald Youngblood (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1984), 165-166.
\nColeman, 166-167,
\nSee Rex A. Koivisto, \u201cStephen\u2019s Speech: A Case Study in Rhetorical and Biblical Inerrancy,\u201d in Evangelicals and Inerrancy, 217-229.
\nPinnock, 78.
\nPreus, 51-55.
\n\u201cChicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy,\u201d Exposition E: Transmission and Translation.
\nSee The Battle for the Bible (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1976) and \u201cAn Historian Looks at Inerrancy,\u201d in Evangelicals and Inerrancy, 49-58,
\n\u201cAn Historian,\u201d Evangelicals and Inerrancy,
\nOrigen\u2019s Commentary on John, X:18 (Ante-Nicene Fathers 10:396-9).
\nAugustine, Sermon 81, Sermons on New Testament Lessons, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First series, 6:503. See also Augustine, Quaestiones Evangeliorum, II, 19, cited in C.H. Dodd, The Parables ofthe _Kingdom, rev. (New York: Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons, 1961), 1-2.
\nJack B. Rogers and Donald K. McKim, The Authority and Interpretation of the Bible: An Historical Approach (New York: Harper and Row, 1979), xvii-xviii, 172-188,
\nMark Noll, \u201cA Brief History of Inerrancy, Mostly in America,\u201d in Proceedings, 17-19.
\nEdwin Yamauchi, \u201ctaller,\u201d Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, ed_ R. Laird Harris (Chicago: Moody Press, 1980), 1:343; hereafter abbreviated TDOT
\nJohn E. Hartley, \u201csarap,\u201d TDOT 2:778.
\nBarton Payne, \u201ctamarn,\u201d TDOT, 2:973-974.
\nJack B. Scott, \u201carnan,\u201d TOOT, 1:51-53.
\nFritz Rienecker, A Linguistic Key to the Greek New Testament, and rev. Cleon L. Rogers, Jr, (Gr.nd Rapids: Zondervan, 1976), 1:243,
\nT. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville, Tennessee: E3roadinan Press, 1932), V:279.
\nGottieib Schrenk, \u201cheiros,\u201d TDNT, 3:222-223.<\/p>\n

Chapter Ten Notes<\/p>\n

The discussion in this chapter is a revision and enlargement of my earlier study of general hermeneutics in Seven Crucial Questions about the Bible (Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 1994), 138-163. Other sources include A. Berkeley Michelson, Interpreting the Bible (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989 [1963]); Bernard Ramm, Protestant Biblical Interpretation, rev. ed. (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1971); Walter Henrichsen and Gayle Jackson, Studying, Interpreting, and Applying tbe Bible (Grand Rapids: Lamplighter Books, Zondervan, 1990); and Gordon D. Fee and Douglas Stuart, How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth, 2d. ed. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993).
\nFritz Rienecker, A Linguistic Key to the Greek New Testament, and rev. Clean L. Rogers, Jr. (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1980), 2:281,
\nArticle 1, The Baptist Faith and Message,
\nRobert Frost, \u201cThe Road Not Taken.\u201d<\/p>\n

Chapter Eleven Notes<\/p>\n

As in the previous chapter, this discussion is an enlargement of my previous description of general hermeneutics in Seven Crucial Questions About the Bible (Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 1994).
\nSee also chapter 3, page 37. of The Bible\u2014You Can Believe It,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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